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| 5881562971 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese mariner; first European to reach India by sea in 1498. | 0 | |
| 5881564070 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator in the service of Aragon and Castile; sailed west to find a route to India and instead discovered the Americas in 1492. | 1 | |
| 5881566138 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese captain in Spanish service; began the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519; died during voyage; allowed Spain to claim possession of the Philippines. | 2 | |
| 5881566801 | East India Companies | British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independently in their regions. | 3 | |
| 5881567226 | World economy | Created by Europeans during the late 16th century; based on control of the seas; established an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products. | 4 | |
| 5881570050 | Columbian Exchange | Interaction between Europe and the Americas; millions of Native Americans died of new diseases; new world crops spread to other world regions; European and Asian animals came to the Americas. | 5 | |
| 5881571214 | Lepanto | Naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims. | 6 | |
| 5881572959 | Core nations | Nations, usually European, that profited from the world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services; exported manufactured goods and imported raw materials. | 7 | |
| 5881574006 | Dependent economic zones | Regions within the world economy that produced raw materials; dependent on European markets and shipping; tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor. | 8 | |
| 5881575221 | Vasco de Balboa | Began first Spanish settlement on Mesoamerican mainland in 1509. | 9 | |
| 5881576049 | New France | French colonies in Canada and elsewhere; extended along the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes and down into the Mississippi River valley system. | 10 | |
| 5881577752 | Atlantic colonies | British colonies in North America along Atlantic coast from New England to Georgia. | 11 | |
| 5881578991 | Treaty of Paris | Concluded in 1763 after the Seven Years War; Britain gained New France and ended France's importance in India. | 12 | |
| 5881579911 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 to provide a coastal station for Dutch ships traveling to and from the East Indies; settlers expanded and fought with Bantu and other Africans. | 13 | |
| 5881581460 | Boers | Dutch and other European settlers in Cape Colony before 19th-century British occupation; later called Afrikaners. | 14 | |
| 5881581910 | Calcutta | British East India Company headquarters in Bengal; captured in 1756 by Indians; later became administrative center for populous Bengal. | 15 | |
| 5881583704 | Seven Years War | Fought in Europe, Africa, and Asia between 1756 and 1763; the first worldwide war. | 16 | |
| 5881584757 | Cape of Good Hope | Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India. | 17 | |
| 5881585493 | Mercantilism | Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe. | 18 | |
| 5881587665 | Mestizos | People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor system. | 19 | |
| 5881588641 | Francisco Pizarro | Led conquest of Inca Empire beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to Spanish. | 20 | |
| 5881589482 | John Locke | (1632 - 1704) English philosopher who argued that people could learn everything through senses and reason and that power of government came from the people, not divine right of kings; offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants. | 21 | |
| 5881590788 | William Shakespeare | (1564 - 1616) English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet. | 22 |
