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| 3499306443 | Cape of Good Hope | southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese | 0 | |
| 3499314385 | Columbus, Christopher | Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas | 1 | |
| 4008673862 | Magellan, Ferdinand | (1480-1521) Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed Spain to claim Phillipines | 2 | |
| 4008694708 | Dutch East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed | 3 | |
| 4008703823 | British East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed | 4 | |
| 4008711128 | Lepanto | Naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571 | 5 | |
| 4008715703 | core nations | Nations, usually Europeans, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials | 6 | |
| 4008725027 | mercantilism | Economic theory that stressed government's promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe | 7 | |
| 4008741736 | Balboa, Vasco de | (c. 1475-1519) First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires of other captains | 8 | |
| 4008751334 | Pizarro, Francisco | Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish | 9 | |
| 4008758892 | Seven Years War | Fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America | 10 | |
| 4008765820 | Treaty of Paris | Arranged in 1763 following Seven Years War; granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar island in Caribbean | 11 | |
| 4008776197 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire; by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with the Bantus | 12 | |
| 4008784946 | Boers | Dutch settlers in Cape Colony, in southern Africa | 13 | |
| 4008789745 | Calcutta | Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located in the Ganges; captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal | 14 |
