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| 105497537 | Who did the Frankish Empire fall to? | Fallen due to internal power struggles and a series of invasions by Muslims, Hungarian Magyars, and Vikings | 0 | |
| 105497538 | What was the political organization after the fall of the Franks? | Political authority devolved to local & regional jurisdictions; Europeans then had decentralized political order | 1 | |
| 105497539 | How did the Roman empire finally disintegrate? | cities lost population with invasions and conquests for power, that disrupted trade/ manufacturing; imperial institutions declined without the resources and legitimacy from Rome | 2 | |
| 105497540 | Who were the Franks? | Constructed a society that drew on agricultural resources, rather than participate in the commercial world of the Mediterranean basin | 3 | |
| 105554026 | What did the Franks do politically, socially and culturally? | -oversaw the development of decentralized political institutions -Shifted the power from Italy to northern France -Made a firm alliance with the western christian church & helped maintain w. europe's religious/cultural primacy | 4 | |
| 105554027 | Clovis | (r.481-511) Dominant political and militaristic power in w. Europe; imposed authority on the franks; organized campaigns against other germanic peoples in bordering states | 5 | |
| 105554028 | Clovis's Conversion | Converted to Roman Christianity; attracted alligence to the Christian population--which strengthened the Franks | 6 | |
| 105554029 | The Carolingians | Aristocratic clan that displaced the line of Clovis & asserted authority | 7 | |
| 105554030 | Charles Martel | Founder of the Carolingian dynasty; known for the Battle of Tours & sought further expansion into w. europe | 8 | |
| 105554031 | Charlemagne | Charles Martel's grandson; temporarily re-est. central imperial rule & expanded his empire greatly | 9 | |
| 105554032 | Charlemagne's administration | Relied on aristocratic deputies, counts, to hold military, political and legal authority locally | 10 | |
| 105554033 | Missi Dominici | Charlemagne's group of imperial officers that traveled every year to local jurisdictions and reviewed the accounts of local authorities | 11 | |
| 105554034 | Louis the Pious | Charlemagne's only surviving son & succeeded him, yet he lost control of the counts and other local administrations & the Carolingian empire eventually dissolved | 12 | |
| 105554035 | What was the cause of the Norse expansion? | quest for wealth through trading and raiding in the Carolingian empire & neighboring lands, population growth fueled by increased agriculture in Scandinavia, lashing out at Christian missionaries trying to abolish pagan gods & beliefs | 13 | |
| 105554036 | The Vikings | Sailors from scandinavia that used their maritime skills towards raiding and plundering settlements of e. europe to Mediterranean lands | 14 | |
| 105633502 | What was England's response to the 9th century invasions? | Series of small kingdoms est. by Angles, Saxons and other Germanic peoples merged into one single realm | 15 | |
| 105633503 | King Alfred | leader of the England unification, expanded empire & built a navy to challenge the Vikings; est. as Kings of England | 16 | |
| 105633504 | What was Germany's response to the 9th century invasions? | Carolingian authorities were unable to prevent invasions by Maygars; local lords took over & est. an effective regional state | 17 | |
| 105633505 | King Otto I of Saxony | Ended the Maygar threat & pope proclaimed him Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (962) | 18 | |
| 105633506 | What was France's response to the 9th century invasions? | Local authorities dominated & pulled out of the central government; est. their own laws and encouraged a decentralized state | 19 | |
| 105633507 | What was the overall effect of the fall of the Carolingian empire? | Effective regional kingdoms competed, and put an end to the 9th century invasions and est. a stable political order; laid foundation for social, economic and cultural development | 20 | |
| 105633508 | Feudal System | Social order to early medival europe, based on a heirarchy of lords and vassals & serfs and manors; maintained order in the absence of a central gov't | 21 | |
| 105633509 | Lords & Retainers | Lord provided retainer with beneficence, land (fief), & resources to maintain horses/ military equipment; Retainer owed lord obedience, respect, counsel & military services | 22 | |
| 105633510 | What were some potential threats to stability? | Conflicting relationships btw lords & retainers; foundation of powerful states | 23 | |
| 105633511 | Serfs | Free peasants that turned themselves & their lands over for the lord's protection; preformed agricultural tasks and intermarried. | 24 | |
| 105633512 | Serfs Obligations | Labor services and rents, could not leave land w/o permission, passed lands on to heirs | 25 | |
| 105633513 | Manors | Large agricultural estate controlled by lords & deputies; self- sufficient communities | 26 | |
| 105633514 | What was agriculture like during the early middle ages | Suffered from repeated invasions | 27 | |
| 105633515 | Heavy Plows | (6th century) could turn heavy northern soils, & increased production during the 8th c; cultivation of new lands, watermills and rotating crops | 28 | |
| 105633516 | Who traded in the mediterranean basin? | Italian & Spanish merchants traded with Muslims | 29 | |
| 105633517 | What was the significance of Norse Merchant mariners? | In the North baltic seas, they followed the Viking routes & traded w/ Abbasid & Byzantine empires(imported Abbasid silver used in european coinage) | 30 | |
| 105633518 | What was the Frank's influence on the Church? | Viewed themselves as protectors of the papacy, Charlemagne worked to spread christianity in northern lands. | 31 | |
| 105633519 | How did Christianity spread? | Charlemagne's military campaigns forced the Saxons to convert; by 1000 all of w. europe had converted to roman christianity | 32 | |
| 105633520 | Pope Gregory I | Organized defense of Rome against Lombard's menance, reasserted papal primacy over bishops, emphasized atonement & confession | 33 | |
| 105633521 | What were the rules of Monasticism? | St. Benedict provided regulations; Monks had to possess virtues of poverty, chastity and obedience | 34 | |
| 105633522 | St. Scholastica | St. Benedict's sister (a nun); provided guidance for religious life for women | 35 | |
| 105633523 | What were the roles of monasteries? | Dominated cultural & social life; accumulated large land holdings, organized rural labor for for agriculture, provided social services & centers of learning | 36 |
