Terms : Hide Images
| 7391880975 | caudillos | Military strongmen who seized control of a government in nineteenth-century Latin America. | 0 | |
| 7391880976 | lower middle class | Social stratum that developed in Britain in the nineteenth century and that consisted of people employed in the service sector as clerks, salespeople, secretaries, police officers, and the like. | 1 | |
| 7391880977 | Indian Cotton Textiles | For much of the eighteenth century, well-made and inexpensive cotton textiles from India flooded western markets; the competition stimulated the British textile industry to industrialize, which led to the eventual destruction of the Indian textile market both in Europe and in India. | 2 | |
| 7391880978 | Karl Marx | The most influential proponent of socialism; a German expatriate in England who advocated working-class revolution as the key to creating an ideal communist future. | 3 | |
| 7391880979 | Labour Party | British working-class political party established in the 1890s and dedicated to reforms and a peaceful transition to socialism, in time providing a viable alternative to the revolutionary emphasis of Marxism. | 4 | |
| 7391880980 | Mexican Revolution | Long and bloody war (1911-1920) in which reformers from the middle class joined with workers and peasants to overthrow the dictator Porfirio Díaz and create a new, much more democratic political order. | 5 | |
| 7391880981 | dependent development | Term used to describe Latin America's economic growth in the nineteenth century, which was largely financed by foreign capital and dependent on European and North American prosperity and decisions. | 6 | |
| 7391880982 | Luddites | Skilled artisans who banded together between 1811 and 1813 to protest against the machines that threatened the jobs and livelihood of workers in the woolen and cotton industry; also argued for price reductions, minimum wages, and prohibitions on the flooding of their industry by unapprenticed workers. | 7 | |
| 7391880983 | Ellen Johnston | Scottish textile worker and single mother (1835-1875) who became a published poet with a modest local reputation. | 8 | |
| 7391880984 | Latin American Export Boom | Large-scale increase in Latin American exports (mostly raw materials and foodstuffs) to industrializing countries in the second half of the nineteenth century, made possible by major improvements in shipping; the boom mostly benefited the upper and middle classes. | 9 | |
| 7391880985 | Middle-Class Values | Belief system that developed in the nineteenth century that emphasized thrift, hard work, rigid moral behavior, cleanliness, and "respectability." | 10 | |
| 7391880986 | Progressives | Followers of an American political movement in the period around 1900 that advocated reform measures to correct the ills of industrialization. | 11 | |
| 7391880987 | Russian Revolution of 1905 | Spontaneous rebellion that erupted in Russia after the country's defeat at the hands of Japan in 1905; the revolution was suppressed, but it forced the government to make substantial reforms. | 12 | |
| 7391880988 | Socialism in the United States | Fairly minor political movement in the United States; at its height in 1912, it gained 6 percent of the vote for its presidential candidate. | 13 | |
| 7391880989 | Steam Engine | Mechanical device in which the steam from heated water builds up pressure to drive a piston, rather than relying on human or animal muscle power; the introduction of the steam engine allowed a hitherto unimagined increase in productivity and made the Industrial Revolution possible. | 14 |
