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| 6010861186 | Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Iberian society | B) Absence of slaveholding traditions | 0 | |
| 6010861187 | How was the commercial experience of the Portuguese extended to the Americas | C) The Portuguese experience in Africa and their involvement in slave trading was extended to the Americas. | 1 | |
| 6010863241 | Where in the Americas did the Spanish first create the models that were applied throughout their possessions in the New World | D) The Caribbean | 2 | |
| 6010863242 | The first Spanish colony in the New World was established on | A) Hispaniola. | 3 | |
| 6010865109 | The most important Spanish settlement in the Caribbean during the 16th century was | B) Santo Domingo | 4 | |
| 6010871728 | The grants of Indians to individual Spaniards as a labor system were called | C) encomiendas. | 5 | |
| 6010871729 | What group of Indians supplied agricultural labor for the Spaniards in the Caribbean | D) Taino | 6 | |
| 6010871730 | How did Caribbean cities differ from those of Europe | A) American cities were laid out in a grid plan. | 7 | |
| 6010876699 | The Dominican friar Bartolome´de Las Casas, a conquistador-turned-priest | B) became an ardent supporter of conversion of Indians and an advocate of Indian rights. | 8 | |
| 6010876700 | The man responsible for the conquest of the Aztec empire in Mexico was | C) Hernan Corte´s. | 9 | |
| 6010882003 | Which of the following statements concerning the men who conquered much of Latin America for Spain is NOT accurate | B) Leadership was based on reputation and past achievement. | 10 | |
| 6010882004 | All of the following were advantages the Spanish enjoyed over the Indians EXCEPT | D) the failure of nomadic tribes to mount significant resistance to conquest. | 11 | |
| 6010882005 | What accounted for the majority of the population loss suffered by Native Americans after the European arrival | C) Epidemic diseases | 12 | |
| 6010889565 | The tremendous decline of the Indian population in Mexico was matched by the rapid increase in | B) European livestock. | 13 | |
| 6010889566 | Which of the following Indian institutions was retained by the Spanish in Mexico and Peru to serve European administrative purposes | C) The Indian nobility | 14 | |
| 6010891787 | Why were the encomiendas discontinued by the 1620s | A) The Spanish crown was unwilling to see the growth of a new nobility and the decline of the Indian population made them less attractive. | 15 | |
| 6010891788 | The colonial governments replaced the labor of the encomienda with Indian labor extracted through local officials. Such forced labor was called the | B) mita. | 16 | |
| 6010894711 | Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the economy in Spanish America | B) Although the majority of people were engaged in agriculture, the whole Spanish commercial system was organized around the mining economy. | 17 | |
| 6010894712 | The greatest silver mine in Spanish America was located at | D) Potosi´. | 18 | |
| 6010897592 | Why was the discovery of mercury in Peru critical to the colonial economy | C) Mercury was indispensable to the extraction of silver from ore-bearing rock. | 19 | |
| 6010897593 | Because of the switch from indigenous methods of mining to the extraction of silver through a process of amalgamation with mercury, silver production in the Americas expanded rapidly after | B) 1580. | 20 | |
| 6010899972 | Which of the following statements concerning the agricultural system of Spanish America is NOT accurate | C) Plantation crops like sugar and later cacao were exported to Europe in sufficient quantities to exceed the value of bullion exports. | 21 | |
| 6010899973 | Which of the following statements concerning the Spanish commercial system is most accurate | A) The merchant guild in Seville had virtual monopoly rights over goods shipped to America and handled much of the silver received in return until the 18th century | 22 | |
| 6010901704 | The Spanish convoy system that controlled trade with the Americas was made possible by the development of | B) galleons. | 23 | |
| 6010901705 | In what way did the importation of American bullion negatively affect the Spanish economy | D) The arrival of American treasure contributed to a sharp rise in prices and a general inflation. | 24 | |
| 6010904074 | The Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494 divided the world into spheres of influence belonging to | A) Portugal and Castile. | 25 | |
| 6010904075 | What group of people was most critical to the bureaucratic administration of the Spanish colonies in America | C) University-trained lawyers | 26 | |
| 6010906363 | The law code that became the basis of law in the Indies was called the | B) Recopilacion. | 27 | |
| 6010906364 | The vice royalties of New Spain and Peru were divided into 10 judicial divisions controlled by superior courts, or | B) audiencias. | 28 | |
| 6010908067 | The Catholic Church introduced all of the following to American life EXCEPT | C) the sense of independence from the state. | 29 | |
| 6010909694 | What American colony became the first major plantation zone, organized to produce a tropical crop demanded in Europe | B) Brazil | 30 | |
| 6010911830 | The first landfall in the colony of Brazil took place in 1500 under the leadership of | D) Pedro Alvares Cabral. | 31 | |
| 6010911831 | Between 1532 and 1549, colonization in Brazil was in the hands of minor Portuguese nobles granted strips of land called | B) captaincies. | 32 | |
| 6010914070 | By 1700, slaves comprised approximately what proportion of the Brazilian population | C) One half | 33 | |
| 6010915885 | The Brazilian model of a plantation colony was later followed in the 18th century by other European nations in | D) the Caribbean. | 34 | |
| 6010915886 | What was the primary difference between the Spanish and Portuguese empires | C) Unlike the Spanish empire that was almost exclusively American, the Portuguese empire included colonies and outposts in Asia and Africa as well as Brazil. | 35 | |
| 6010917824 | What conditions undercut the position of the Brazilian sugar plantation economy | B) Competition from English, French, and Dutch plantation colonies in the Caribbean led to rising prices for slaves and falling prices for sugar. | 36 | |
| 6010917825 | In what region was gold discovered in Brazil in 1695 | C) Minas Gerais | 37 | |
| 6010920822 | What port was associated with the discovery of gold in Brazil and subsequently became the capital of the colony | D) Rio de Janeiro | 38 | |
| 6010920823 | What was the negative impact of the discovery of gold on Portugal | A) Portugal failed to develop internal industries because the supply of gold allowed the Portuguese to purchase manufactured goods from other European countries. | 39 | |
| 6010923049 | What was the basis for the social hierarchy that developed in the Americas | C) Racial origins | 40 | |
| 6010923050 | What Spanish dynasty was responsible for the series of 18th-century reforms that recast the colonial administration of the Americas | A) Bourbon | 41 | |
| 6010925296 | The Minister of the Indies responsible for the 18th-century reforms within the Spanish empire was | D) Jose´de Ga´lvez. | 42 | |
| 6010925297 | Which of the following statements concerning the 18th-century Spanish reforms in America is most accurate | C) The French Intendancy system was introduced but the traditional patterns of influence and power among the Creole bureaucrats was disrupted. | 43 | |
| 6010929053 | Which of the following was NOT an impact of the Bourbon reforms on colonial economy | D) The frontiers of Spanish America became fixed | 44 | |
| 6010929054 | The minister responsible for the 18th-century reforms in Portugal and Brazil was | B) the Marquis of Pombal. | 45 | |
| 6010931427 | What was the impact of the 18th-century reforms on slavery in Brazil | D) Brazil remained as profoundly based on slavery in the late 18th century as it had ever been. | 46 | |
| 6010931428 | Which of the following statements most accurately describes the state of the Portuguese and Spanish American colonies by the middle of the 18th century | C) The American colonies of Spain and Portugal were experiencing considerable growth in population and productive capacity. | 47 | |
| 6010933541 | Who was the leader of the Indian revolution in Peru in 1781 | C) Tupac Amaru | 48 | |
| 6010934342 | What accounts for the general failure of 18th century colonial revolutions against Spanish and Portuguese rule | A) The various racial and social groups, fearful of unsettling the social hierarchy, failed to work together to unseat the colonial governments. | 49 |
