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| 12622688081 | Bosporus Strait | The only waterway linking the Aegean Sea with the Black Sea controlled by Istanbul | 0 | |
| 12622692501 | Strait of Hormuz | A vital waterway between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman | 1 | |
| 12622692502 | Ghazi ideal | a model for warrior life that blended the cooperative values of nomadic culture with the willingness to serve as a holy fighter for Islam | 2 | |
| 12622696451 | Suleimani Mosque | Built by Suleiman and is a beautiful architectural site | 3 | |
| 12622696452 | Coffeehouses | Cultural events or establishments where business deals were signed | 4 | |
| 12622698846 | ulama | Scholars and experts in Islamic law | 5 | |
| 12622698847 | Shariah law | Islamic law | 6 | |
| 12622700838 | harem | "sacred place"; the private domain of an Ottoman sultan, where he and his wives resided | 7 | |
| 12622706164 | miniature paintings | Paintings that were produced in workshops started by Mehmed II | 8 | |
| 12622706165 | sikhism | Developed from Hinduism and may have been influenced by the Islamic mystic system Sufism | 9 | |
| 12622708976 | sati | The Indian custom of a widow voluntarily throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband. | 10 | |
| 12622712088 | Din-i-Ilahi | religion initiated by Akbar that blended elements of Islam and Hinduism; did not survive his death. | 11 | |
| 12622712089 | Taj Mahal | A beautiful tomb built by the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan to honor his wife. | 12 | |
| 12622714898 | gunpowder empires | large multiethnic states in Southwest, Central, and South Asia that relied on firearms to conquer and control their territories | 13 | |
| 12622714899 | tamerlane | "Timur the Lame", a mongol-turkic ruler who set the stage for the rise of the Turkic empires. | 14 | |
| 12622717216 | samarkand | an influential captial city, a wealthy trading center known for decorated mosques and tombs. (in modern day Uzbekistan) | 15 | |
| 12622717217 | ottoman empire | The largest and most powerful Islamic empires; lasted for 600 years | 16 | |
| 12622720665 | Mehmed II "The Conqueror" | Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. | 17 | |
| 12622723279 | Topkapi Palace | A royal residence of the sultans | 18 | |
| 12622726949 | suleiman I | The Ottoman empire reached its peaked under this sultan | 19 | |
| 12622727011 | Vienna | Capital of Austria | 20 | |
| 12622731264 | Rhodes | Captured by Suleiman's navy in the eastern Mediterranean. | 21 | |
| 12622731265 | Viziers | Strong advisers who came to occupy influential positions in government | 22 | |
| 12622735196 | Battle of Lepanto | Spaniards and Venetians defeated the Ottomans | 23 | |
| 12622735197 | Safavids | Located in Persia on the Arabia sea with no navy or natural barriers | 24 | |
| 12622737387 | Ismail | A great Safavid ruler who, at the age of 14, conquered much of the territory that became the Safavid Empire (Persia). He was a religious tyrant who made Shi'ia the state religion. | 25 | |
| 12622737388 | Shah | Persian word for king | 26 | |
| 12622740091 | Shah Abbas I "Abbas the Great" | ruled 1587-1629; he ruled the Safavid Empire at its height; was a military oriented ruler | 27 | |
| 12622743850 | Isfahan | Capital of the Safavid Empire. | 28 | |
| 12622743851 | Akbar | The greatest of the Mughal Emperors; defeated Hindu armies; established an effiecient gov't system | 29 | |
| 12622748621 | Babur | Descendant of Tamerlane who founded the Mughal empire | 30 | |
| 12622748622 | Delhi | Capital of the Mugal empire | 31 | |
| 12622751182 | Shah Jahan | Mughal ruler who built Taj Mahal | 32 | |
| 12622751183 | Aurangzeb | son and successor of Shah Jahan; he banned music; unable to stop peasant revolts | 33 | |
| 12622754758 | middlemen | handled goods in both directions and received profit | 34 | |
| 12622754759 | trade agreements | signed commerce negotiations | 35 | |
| 12622757679 | barbary pirates | Captured European slaves in the Mediterranean then sold them to sultans or other high ranking officials | 36 | |
| 12622757680 | grand bazaar | a center of shops and trading in Istanbul | 37 | |
| 12622760625 | devshirme | Christian boys were recruited by force to serve the Ottoman government (generally taken from the Balkan provinces, converted to Islam, and then passed through a series of examinations to determine their intelligence and capabilities). | 38 | |
| 12622760626 | janissaries | formed elite forces in the Ottoman army | 39 | |
| 12622762874 | impressed | forced into service | 40 | |
| 12622762875 | zamindars | paid government officials in charge of specific duties, such as taxation, construction, and water supply | 41 | |
| 12622765326 | castes | social groups into which people are born and cannot change in India | 42 |
