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| 7252463632 | Homo Habilis | 2.3 m.y.o., brain sized bigger than their predecessors, bipedalist, made stone tools, died out. | 0 | |
| 7252463633 | Homo Erectus | First to migrate to Eurasia 1 m.y.a., first controlled use of fire, died out. | 1 | |
| 7252463634 | Homo Sapiens | Only homo specie to survive, large capacity for symbolic language, 250,000 y.o., migrated everywhere 100,000 y.a., That's us. | 2 | |
| 7252463635 | What is the most significant transformation in the human condition? Why? | The Agricultural Revolution because | 3 | |
| 7252463636 | What are nomads? | Moving people with no permanent home, travel mainly to find vegetation for their livestock. | 4 | |
| 7252463637 | What is a "civilization "? | A more complex society in bustling cities governed by formal states. | 5 | |
| 7252463638 | What did the growth of civilizations lead to? | Powerful and innovative communities, empires of increasing size, enduring cultural and religious traditions, new technologies, sharper class and gender inequalities, large scale war. | 6 | |
| 7252463639 | Why were B.C. and A.D. Replaced? | To become less Christian- centered and Eurocentric | 7 | |
| 7252463640 | Describe Hunter Gatherers. | Live by hunting game, collecting berries and honey, digging up roots, grass huts and small mobile camps, followed animal migrations,unsuccessful in defense. | 8 | |
| 7252463641 | What does paleolithic mean? Why was this used to describe the time? | Meant "Old Stone Age" because they used stone tools as opposed to metal ones. | 9 | |
| 7252463642 | How do we know anything about these peoples before the invention of writing? | Their tools, seed that fossilized, rock paintings, engravings and bones and skeletons. | 10 | |
| 7252463643 | What continent did humans first come into existence? | Africa | 11 | |
| 7252463644 | What evidence is there of human behavior in Africa? | Technological advancements left behind, evidence of hunting and fishing, large networks of human communications, body ornaments and symbolic burials. | 12 | |
| 7252463645 | From Africa, where else did humans migrate? | 1. Eurasia, 2. Australia, 3. Americas, 4. Pacific Islands | 13 | |
| 7252463646 | How did the Ice Age facilitate migration? | The cold climates pushed the northerners in Eurasia down south, land bridges iced over. | 14 | |
| 7252463647 | What devolopments occurred as a result of the voyages and human migrations into the Pacific? | Canoes, navigation, trade networks, and adaptations to the new areas. | 15 | |
| 7252463648 | Describe the first human societies and paleolithic bands. | Small (25-50), tightknit, slow pop growth, nomadic because of plants and animals, no rulers, government, people developed same skills, equal sexes, divorces. | 16 | |
| 7252463649 | Why is the paleolithic society considered the original affluent society? Why is this ironic? | They wanted or needed very little. Affluent is prosperous or wealthy. | 17 | |
| 7252463650 | How did the paleolithic people affect the environments? | Purposeful fire to encourage plant growth, which made flame retardant trees, rapid extinction of other plants and animals. | 18 | |
| 7252463651 | Evidence for paleolithic people being spiritual. | Ceremonial spaces found in caves | 19 | |
| 7252463652 | What are Shamans? | People who were believed to be especially skilled at dealing with the spiritual world | 20 | |
| 7252463653 | How did the end of the ice age affect the paleolithic people? | People spread out, pop increased, they changed and added to their food choice, so did the animals, providing a richer and more diverse environment for human societies. | 21 | |
| 7252463654 | How did they begin to change? (After ice age) | Nomads settled down, food storage, societies grew, inequalities went away. | 22 | |
| 7252463655 | List technological advancements made during the end of the ice age. | All the tools, some now with handles, dugout canoes, paddles, bowls, and tool handles, use of money and distinct classes, agriculture. | 23 | |
| 7252463656 | What is intensification? | Getting more for less, usually with resources. | 24 | |
| 7252463657 | Where is the Fertile Crescent? | SouthWest Asia | 25 | |
| 7252463658 | What modern day countries are in the Fertile Crescent? | Parts of palestine, jordan, syria, iraq, south turkey, and all of mesopotamia | 26 | |
| 7252463659 | What major innovations have archaeologists discovered in the agricultural settings in the Fertile Crescent. | Sun dried bricks, appearance of monuments or shrine like buildings, displays of cattle skulls, more elaborate human burials, more sophisticated tools, such as sickles polished axes and awls. | 27 | |
| 7252463660 | Why was agriculture less productive in sub-saharan Africa than it was in the Middle East? | The people scattered and domesticated a lot of things, but too far away to be productive. | 28 | |
| 7252463661 | What made development of agriculture more difficult in the Americas than anywhere else? | Spread out domestication, no goats sheep, pigs cattle or horses, bad climate for vegetation. | 29 | |
| 7252463662 | What processes spread agriculture throughout the world? | Diffusion, colonization. | 30 | |
| 7252463663 | How did agriculture spread throughout Africa? | Migrations of people who speak one of the 400 Bantu languages. | 31 | |
| 7252463664 | What are some ways through which agricultural societies eliminated hunting and gathering societies? | They killed them, drove them out, and over exposed them to animal-borne diseases. | 32 | |
| 7252463665 | What were some of the cost of agriculture? | Diseases and low health quality. | 33 | |
| 7252463666 | What were some of the new health problems, and diseases as a result of agriculture? | Health - malnutrition, anemia, shorter height and life expectancy diseases- smallpox, flu, measles, chicken pox, malaria, tuberculosis, rabies, and epidemics. | 34 | |
| 7252463667 | Describe secondary products revolution. | Technological innovation involving new uses for domesticated animals beyond their meat and hides | 35 | |
| 7252463668 | Pastoral Society | No permanent officials, democracy without central power, some were nomadic, occasional powerful military, couldn't produce their own agricultural products, attracted to the wealth of agrarian societies | 36 | |
| 7252463669 | Agricultural Village | Popular cities like Jericho, still hunter gatherers, kept most social and gender equality, no permanent officials, men and women could do the same work, flourished in modern era. | 37 | |
| 7252463670 | Chiefdom | Chiefs, relied on gift giving, great inequality, collected food from commoners and redistributed to warriors and craftsmen, grew power over other things on earth, class system. | 38 | |
| 7252463671 | What was often the source of conflict between pastoral and agricultural villages? | Resource and land disputes | 39 | |
| 7252463672 | Where were the first Chiefdoms? | Mesopotamia | 40 | |
| 7252463673 | What were the roles of early chiefs? | Led rituals and ceremonies, directed its economic life, sought to resolve inner conflicts, collected tribute from commoners. | 41 | |
| 7252463674 | What is James C. Scott's general argument in his book? | That people who didn't join civilizations can be just as civilized as to those that did. | 42 | |
| 7252463675 | Why might civilizations equate to self control? | Because they were controlled by a hierarchy. | 43 | |
| 7252463676 | What are some problems resulting from civilization. | Tax, forced labor, , epidemics | 44 | |
| 7252463677 | Why is hill culture hard to prove it existed? | Small villages didnt have writing, so only onlookers could write about them. | 45 |
