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| 16393191387 | Beginning | - Early 1580s, mechanical bells arrived to Macau by the Portuguese and were given to the emperor by Matteo Ricci in attempt to convert people to Christianity - East Asian lands benefitted a lot from long-distance trade, since it brought silver that stimulated the economy and it brought American plant crops | 0 | |
| 16393191388 | The Quest for Political Stability | - Ming emperors tried to erase all signs of the Mongolian Yuan dynasty - Revived civil service and promoted Confucian thought | 1 | |
| 16393191389 | The Ming Dynasty Ming Government | - 1368-1644 - Hongwu, founder of the Ming dynasty - Made extensive use of Mandarins and placed great trust in eunuchs - Yongle launched series of naval expeditions - 1421 Yongle moved capital from Nanjing to Beijing | 2 | |
| 16393191390 | The Great Wall | The Great Wall was the Ming's project to restore | 3 | |
| 16393191391 | Ming Decline | - 1520s to 1560s, pirates and smugglers operated along east coast of China - Bad emperors who lived extravagantly and ignored government affairs | 4 | |
| 16393191392 | Ming Collapse | - Famine struck in 17th century and peasants revolted - Manchu forces invaded and captured Beijing in 1644 | 5 | |
| 16393191393 | The Qing Dynasty The Manchus | 1644-1911 - Nurhaci 1616-1626 unified Manchu tribes into a centralised state - Manchus got a lot of Chinese support as they earned respect from the scholar-bureaucrats and also because the Ming government was so corrupt - Careful to preserve their own ethnic and cultural identity | 6 | |
| 16393191394 | Kangxi and His Reign | - Kangxi and Qianlong were good emperors - Kangxi was a Confucian scholar and patronised Confucian schools and academies - Also a conqueror and made a vast Qing empire Qianlong continued expansion | 7 | |
| 16393191395 | Qianlong and His Reign | - Marked height of Qing dynasty - Sophisticated and learned man - Imperial treasury bulged so much that sometimes Qianlong cancelled tax collections - Towards the end of his rule, he started giving his duties onto the eunuchs and future emperors started acting this way as well | 8 | |
| 16393191396 | The Son of Heaven | - Kowtow - More than mere mortal, had special benefits | 9 | |
| 16393191397 | The Scholar-Bureaucrats | - Day-to-day governance of the empire fell to scholar-bureaucrats appointed by the emperor - Rigorous studies | 10 | |
| 16393191398 | Civil Service Examinations | - Writing the exams was a gruelling ordeal - Not uncommon to have someone die during the examination | 11 | |
| 16393191399 | The Examination System and Chinese Society | - A degree did not ensure government service - By making Confucianism the heart of Chinese education, it ensured that Confucians would govern the state | 12 | |
| 16393191400 | The Patriarchal Family Filial Piety | - Filial piety implied not only duties of children to fathers, but emperors as well - Clan-supported education gave poor but promising relatives opportunity to succeed | 13 | |
| 16393191401 | Gender Relations | During the Ming and Qing dynasties, patriarchal authorities over females got really tight | 14 | |
| 16393191402 | Foot Binding | - Began being popular during this time - Custom and law combined to strengthen patriarchal authority in Chinese families | 15 | |
| 16393191403 | Population Growth and Economic Development | Only a small fraction of China's land is suitable for planting | 16 | |
| 16393191404 | American Food Crops | - American maize, sweet potatoes, and peanuts allowed farmers to take of advantage of unused soil - Population growth | 17 | |
| 16393191405 | Foreign Trade | - Chinese imports were relatively few, focused more on silver bullion - After Yongle, Ming government withdrew support for maritime expeditions - While limiting the activities of foreign merchants, policies also discouraged organisation of large-scale commercial ventures by Chinese merchants | 18 | |
| 16393191406 | Trade and Migration to Southeast Asia | Chinese merchants prominent in Manila and Dutch colonial capital Batavia | 19 | |
| 16393191407 | Government and Technology | - Early Ming times, technological innovation slowed - Imperial armed forces adopted refined and improved forms of gunpowder technology | 20 | |
| 16393191408 | Gentry, Commoners, Soldiers, and Mean People Privileged Classes | Besides the emperor and his family, scholar-bureaucrats and gentry was highest position | 21 | |
| 16393191409 | Working Classes | - Peasants, workers, and merchants - Biggest class were peasants (most honourable class according to Confucian principles) | 22 | |
| 16393191410 | Merchants | Unlike some other European counterparts, Chinese authorities did not adopt policies designed to strengthen both merchants and state by authorising merchants to pursue their efforts aggressively into larger world | 23 | |
| 16393191411 | Lower Classes | - Members of the military forces - Slaves, indentured servants, entertainers, prostitutes (mean people) | 24 | |
| 16393191412 | The Confucian Traditions and New Cultural Influences | Provided generous support to Confucianism | 25 | |
| 16393191413 | Neo-Confucianism and Pulp Fiction | Song dynasty scholar Zhu Xi, most prominent architect of neo-Confucianism | 26 | |
| 16393191414 | Confucian Education | - Hanlin Academy - Yongle Encclopedia - Complete LIbrary of the Four Treasuries | 27 | |
| 16393191415 | Popular Novels | - Printing made possible to print books cheaply - The Romance of the Three Kingdoms - The Dream of the REd Chamber Journey to the West - Buddhist monk Xuanzang | 28 | |
| 16393191416 | The Return of Christianity to China | Missionaries returned in 16th century to start from scratch, after disappearing due to outbreak of plague and collapse of yuan dynasty in 14th century | 29 | |
| 16393191417 | Matteo Ricci | - Most prominent missionaries were Jesuits - Founder of mission to China was italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci - Became popular in Ming court - Was able to speak the language and corrected Chinese calendars - Also prepared maps of the world | 30 | |
| 16393191418 | Confucianism and Christianity | - Self ringing bells from the jesuits impressed the Chinese people - Jesuits sought to capture Chinese interest with European science and technology - Had tolerance and flexibility, but still didn't get many converts - Wasn't as popular due to its exclusivity, could only follow Christianity | 31 | |
| 16393191419 | End of the Jesuit Mission | - Pope sided with critics and early 18th century ordered missionaries in China to conduct services according to European standards - In response, emperor Kangxi ordered an end to the preaching - Jesuits made China known in European | 32 | |
| 16393191420 | The Tokugawa Shogunate | - 12-16th century, a shogun ruled Japan, emperor nothing more than figure head - After 14th century ambitions of shoguns led to constant turmoil, by 16th century Japan was in civil war | 33 | |
| 16393191421 | Tokugawa Ieyasu | - In 1600 the last of the chieftains established military government known as the Tokugawa bakufu - Ruled the bakufu as shoguns from 1600 to 1867 - Shogun needed to control the daimyo (territorial lords who ruled most of Japan) - Daimyo had established relationships with European mariners, so had gunpowder | 34 | |
| 16393191422 | Control of Daimyo | - Instituted policy of alternate attendance, which enabled shoguns to keep an eye on the daimyo - In effort to prevent European influences from destabilising land, shoguns controlled relations between Japan and outside world | 35 | |
| 16393191423 | Control of Foreign Relations | - 1630s issued of edicts restricting Japanese relations with other lands - During 17th century, authorities strictly enforced the policy | 36 | |
| 16393191424 | Economic and Social Change | - By ending civil conflict and maintaining stability, Tokugawa shoguns set state for economic growth - Increases of rice yield, cotton, silk, indigo, and sake | 37 | |
| 16393191425 | Population Growth | Grew, contraception, late marriage, and abortion played roles in limiting pop growth, principal control measure was infanticide | 38 | |
| 16393191426 | Social Change | - Merchants started getting richer, while the daimyo starting losing money - Rice dealers, pawnbrokers, and sake merchants soon controlled more wealth than the ruling elite did | 39 | |
| 16393191427 | Neo-Confucianism in Japan | - Promoted neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi - Emphasis on filial piety and loyalty to superiors | 40 | |
| 16393191428 | Native Learning | - During 18th century, scholars of native learning scorned neo-Confucianism and even Buddhism as alien cultural imports, emphasised folk tradition and shinto religion instead - Glorified Japan and considered Japanese people superior | 41 | |
| 16393191429 | Floating Worlds | - Centres of Tokugawa urban culture were the ukyo, entertainment/pleasure quarters - Beginning early 17th century, two new forms of drama became popular - One was kabuki theatre and bunraku, puppet theater | 42 | |
| 16393191430 | Christian Missions | - Jesuit Francis Xavier traveled to Japan in 1549 and tried to seek converts, received remarkable success - Tokugawa shoguns restricted European access to Japan largely because of concerns that Christianity might serve as a cultural bridge for alliances between daimyo and European adventurers, which could lead to destabilisation - Buddhist and Confucians not happy with this | 43 | |
| 16393191431 | Anti-Christian Campaign | - 1587-1639, ordered halt to Christian missions and made them renounce faith - Christianity then had to survive as a secret underground religion | 44 | |
| 16393191432 | Dutch Learning | - After 1639, Dutch merchants trading at Nagasaki became Japan's principal source of info outside of their world - Small scholars learned Dutch and their studies are called Dutch learning - After 1720, lifted ban on foreign books and Dutch learning played significant role in Japanese intellect life - By mid 18th century the Tokugawa shoguns had become really into Dutch learning, and schools of European medicine and Dutch studies flourished in Japan | 45 |
