Terms : Hide Images
| 9635097952 | Holy Alliance | alliance among Russia, Prussia and Austria in defense of religion and the established order; formed at Congress of Vienna by most conservative monarchies of Europe. | 0 | |
| 9635121337 | Decembrist uprising | Unsuccessful 1825 political revolt in Russia by mid-level army officers advocating reforms; put down by Tsar Nicholas I. | 1 | |
| 9635201228 | Crimean War | (1854-1856) Began with Russian attack on the Ottoman Empire; France and Britain joined the Ottoman side; resulted in a Russian defeat because of Western industrial might; led to Russian reforms under Alexander II. | 2 | |
| 9635264891 | emancipation of the surfs | Alexander II in 1861 ended serfdom in Russia; serfs did not obtain political rights and had to pay the aristocracy for lands gained. | 3 | |
| 9635289776 | zemstvoes | local political councils created as part of Alexander II's reforms; gave the middle class professional experience in government but did not influence national policy. | 4 | |
| 9635302132 | Trans-Siberian railroad | Constructed during the 1870s and 1880s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; increased the Russian role in Asia. | 5 | |
| 9635320063 | intelligentsia | Russian term for articulate intellectuals as a class; desired radical change in Russian political and economic systems; wished to maintain a Russian culture distinct from that of the West. | 6 | |
| 9635360285 | anarchists | Political groups that thought the abolition of formal government was a first step to creating a better society; became important in Russia and was the modern world's first terrorist movement. | 7 | |
| 9635397014 | Lenin | Russian Marxist leader; insisted on the importance of disciplined revolutionary cells. | 8 | |
| 9635397015 | Bolsheviks | Literally meaning 'majority' party, but actually a political group backed by a minority of the population; and the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement; led by Lenin. | 9 | |
| 9635431930 | Russo-Japanese War | Defeat by Japan resulted in strikes by urban workers and insurrections among the peasantry; resulted in temporary reforms. | 10 | |
| 9635434624 | Duma | Russian national assembly created as one of the reforms after the Revolution of 1905; progressively stripped of power during the reign of Nicholas II. | 11 | |
| 9635438304 | Kulaks | Agricultural entrepreneurs who used the Stolypin reforms to buy more land and increase production. | 12 | |
| 9635434625 | Terakoya | Commoner schools founded during the Tokugawa shogunate to teach reading, writing, and Confucian rudiments; by the middle of the 19th century resulted in the highest literacy rate outside the West. | 13 | |
| 9637186395 | Dutch Studies | Studies of Western science ad technology beginning during the 18th century; based on texts available at the Dutch Nagasaki trading center. | 14 | |
| 9637188744 | Matthew Perry | American naval officer, in 1853 insisted under the threat of bombardment on the opening of ports to American trade. | 15 | |
| 9637188745 | Meiji restoration | Power of the emperor restored with Emperor Mutsuhito in 1868; took name of Meiji, the Enlightened One; ended shogunate and began a reform period. | 16 | |
| 9637191334 | Diet | Japanese parliament established as part of the constitution of 1889; able to advise government but not control it. | 17 | |
| 9637191335 | Zaibatsu | Huge industrial combines created in Japan during the 1890's. | 18 | |
| 9637194332 | Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895) | Fought in Korea between Japan and China; Japanese victory demonstrated its arrival as new industrial power. | 19 | |
| 9637199791 | Yellow Peril | Western term for perceived threat from Japanese imperialism. | 20 |
