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| 13276069234 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started World War I | 0 | |
| 13276069235 | Sarajevo | Administrative center of the Bosnian province of Austrian Empire; assassination there of Arch-duke Ferdinand in 1914 started World War I | 1 | |
| 13276069236 | Western Front | Front established in World War I; generally along line from Belgium to Switzerland; featured trench warfare and horrendous casualties for all sides in the conflict. | 2 | |
| 13276069237 | Gallipoli | Peninsula south of Istanbul. Site of decisive 1915 Turkish victory over Australian and New Zealand forces under British command during World War I. | 3 | |
| 13276069238 | Armenian genocide | Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East. | 4 | |
| 13276069239 | Eastern Front | Most mobile of the fronts established during World War I; after early success,military defeats led to downfall of the tsarist government in Russia | 5 | |
| 13276069240 | Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader of fascist Germany from 1933 to 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany; eliminated all rivals, launched Germany on aggressive foreign policy leading to world war II; responsible for genocide of European Jews. | 6 | |
| 13276069241 | Georges Clemenceau | French prime minister in last years of World War I during Versailles Conference of 1919; pushed for heavy reparations from Germans | 7 | |
| 13276069242 | David Lloyd George | Prime minister of Great Britain who headed a coalition government through much of World War I and the turbulent years that followed | 8 | |
| 13276069243 | self0determination | Right of people in a region to determine weather to be independent of not. | 9 | |
| 13276069244 | League of Nations | International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States was never a member. | 10 | |
| 13276069245 | National Congress party | Grew out of regional associations of Western-educated Indians; originally centered in cities of Bombay, Poona, Calcutta, and Madras; became political party in 1885; focus of nationalist movement in India; governed through most of postcolonial period. | 11 | |
| 13276069246 | B.G Tilak | believed that nationalism in India should be based on appeals to Hindu religiously; worked to promote the restoration and revival of ancient Hindu traditions; offended Muslims and other religious groups; first populist leaders in Indian nationalist movement. | 12 | |
| 13276069247 | Morly-Minto reforms | Provided educated Indians with considerably expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and all-India legislative councils | 13 | |
| 13276069248 | Montagu-Chelmsford reforms | Increased the powers of Indian legislators at the all-India level and placed much of the provincial administration of India under local ministries controlled by legislative bodies with substantial numbers of elected Indias; passed in 1919 | 14 | |
| 13276069249 | Rowlatt Act | Placed sever restrictions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offset the concessions granted under Monteagu-Chelmsford reforms of 1919 | 15 | |
| 13276069250 | Mohandas Gandhi | ((1869-1948) Led sustained all-India campaign for independence from British Empire after World War I; stressed nonviolent but aggressive mass protest. | 16 | |
| 13276069251 | satyagraha | literally means "truth force"; strategy of nonviolence protest developed by Mohandas Gandhi and his followers in India; later deployed throughout the colonized world and in the United States | 17 | |
| 13276069252 | Lord Cromer | (1841-1917) British proconsul in khedival Egypt from1883 to 1907; pushed for economic reforms that reduced but failed to eliminate the debts of the khedival regime | 18 | |
| 13276069253 | effendi | Class of prosperous business and professional urban families in khedival Egypt; as a class generally favored Egyptian independence. | 19 | |
| 13276069254 | Dinshawai incident | Clash between British soldiers and Egyptian villagers in 1906; arose over haunting accident along Nile River where wife of prayer leader of mosque was accidentally shot by army officers hunting pigeons; led to Egyptian protest movement | 20 | |
| 13276069255 | Ataturk | Also known as Mustafa Kemal; leader of Turkish republic formed in 1923; reformed Turkish nation using Western models | 21 | |
| 13276069256 | Hussein | Sherif of Mecca from 1908 to 1917; used British promise of independence to convince Arabs to support British against the Turks in World War I; angered by Britain's failure to keep promise; died 1931 | 22 | |
| 13276069257 | Mandates | Governments entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I; Britain occupied mandates in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Palestine after 1922 | 23 | |
| 13276069258 | Zionists | Members of a movement originating in eastern Europe during the 1860s and 1870s that argued that the Jews must return to a Middle Eastern holy land; eventually identified with the settlement of Palestine | 24 | |
| 13276069259 | Balfour Declaration | British minister Lord Balfour's promise of support for the establishment of Jewish settlement in Palestine issued in 1917 | 25 | |
| 13276069260 | Leon Pinsker | (1821-1891) European Zionist who believed that Jewish assimilation into Christian European nations with impossible; argued for return to Middle Eastern Holy Land | 26 | |
| 13276069261 | Theodor Herzl | Austrian journalist and Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; promoted Jewish migration to Palestine and formation of a Jewish state | 27 | |
| 13276069262 | Alfred Dreyfus | (1859-1953) French Jew falsely accused of passing military secrets to the Germans; his mistreatment and exile to Devil's Island provided flash-point for years of bitter debate between the left and right France | 28 | |
| 13276069263 | World Zionist Organization | Founded by Theodor Herzl to promote Jewish migration and settlement in Palestine to form a Zionist state | 29 | |
| 13276069264 | Wafd party | Egyptian nationalist party that emerged after an Egyptian delegation was refused a hearing at the Versailles treaty negotiations following World War I; led by Sa'd Zaghlul negotiations eventually led to limited Egyptian independence beginning in 1922. | 30 | |
| 13276069265 | Sa'd Zaghlul | Leader of Egyptian's nationalist Ward party; their negotiations with British led to limited Egyptian independence in 1922 | 31 | |
| 13276069266 | Marcus Garvey | African American political leader; had a major impact on emerging African nationalist leaders in 1920s and 1930s | 32 | |
| 13276069267 | W.E.B. Du Bois | African American political leader; had major impact on emerging African nationalist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s | 33 | |
| 13276069268 | pan-African | Organization that brought together intellectuals and political leaders from areas of Africa and African diaspora before and after World War I | 34 | |
| 13276069269 | négritude | Literary movement in Africa; attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture; celebrated the beauty of black skin and African nationalist movements | 35 | |
| 13276069270 | Léopold Sédar Senghor | (1906-2001) One of the post-World War I writers of the négritude literary movement that urged pride in African values; president of Senegal from 1960 to 1980. | 36 |
