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AP World History Chapter 2 (Early Civilizations) Flashcards

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7393076466Aryans-Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization -militarized society0
7392942180Civilizations (Working Definition)1. greater economic surplus 2. writing 3.formal government with bureaucracies 4. urban centers1
7392948386Mesopotamia-Tigris-Euphrates river valley (Sumerians) -cuneiform -polytheistic -monumental architecture(Ziggurats) -math -city-states -slavery -pessimistic2
7392957947Cuneiformform of writing using clay tablets3
7392961744Who did Mesopotamia fall to?Akkadians, then Babylonians4
7392964148King Hammurabi importance-law codes (to help promote consistency) -most important ruler of Babylonian empire5
7392966871Egypt-Nile River -Unified regional kingdom -Monumental architecture (pyramids) -Hieroglyphics -Pharaohs -Polytheistic -Optimistic -Aryans (Indo-European) -Epic/Vedas Ages -Polythesitc --> Hinduism -Caste System6
7392975837Indus River Valley-Harappa/Mohenjo-daro(very advanced except in wars) -Planned cities with sewage system -Trade with Mesopotamia -Writing7
7392983276Indus River Valley Decline-natural/environmental causes -invaders -nomadic migrations8
7393019473Sumerianspeople who migrated to Mesopotamia`9
7393025236Zigguratsmassive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian tempe complexes10
7393030363City-state-form of political organization typical of Mesopotamia civilizations -consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king11
7393040247Babylonians-unified all of Mesopotamia -empire collapsed due to foreign invasion -King Hammurabi12
7393049985Pharaohkings of ancient Egypt13
7393051049Pyramids-monumental architecture for ancient Egypt -used as burial sites for pharaohs14
7393054785Kush-an African state that developed along the upper -reaches of the Nile -conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries15
7393062331Indus River-river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea -location of Harappa civilization16
7393070914Harappa-major urban complex of the Harappan civilization -laid out on a planned grid pattern17
7393082359VedasAryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century18
7393089492China-HuangHe (Yellow) River -Shang Dynasty -Zhou Dynasty19
7393094018Shang Dynasty-Patriarchal -Ancestor Worship -Oracle Bones-writing -Strong Kings-expansion20
7393099337In China Writing was __________ and speaking language was _________universal; different21
7393104297Zhou Dynasty-Feudalism (less centralized) -Mandate of Heaven22
7393115077Mandate of Heavendivine support for their rule23
7393117862Americas-Olmecs(mother civilization) -Chavin (South America)24
7393121066Olmecs-mother civilization -Mesoamerica -Irrigation -cities -writing -calendar -trade -large stone heads*** -no wheel -no large domesticated animals25
7393126914Chavin-South America -Andes -corn,quinoa,potatoes,llamas -Temples -Arts and Crafts26
7393135264Phoenicians-Alphabet (ours is based off theirs) (based on sounds) -traders27
7393137022Jews-Monotheism -God's focus on humans -Ethics/Law -Holy Text28
7393140009Bureaucracy-hierarchy -specialized functions29

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