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AP World History Chapter 33 (CONCEPTS) Quiz Review Flashcards

Deeper concepts of chapter 33

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342977168Reasons for post-independence issues in newly formed nations in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East*Population boom-too many people, not enough resources. *Unequally distributed resources-HUGE gap between the rich and the poor. *Corruption-Members of the educated classes that came to dominate the political and business lives in post-colonial societies often used their positions to enrich themselves at the expense of their societies as a whole.0
342977169Results of the post-independence issues*Longstanding rivalries between classes and ethnic groups resurfaced or intensified *Parasitic cities *Increase in gap between rich and poor *Political instability *It became impossible for nationalist leaders to fulfill the expectations they aroused in their followers.---->Disappointment *SHIFT TO AUTHORITARIAN/MILITARY/DICTORSHIPS1
342977170General results of independence*Leaders attempted industrialization *Environmental issues *Political instability2
342977171Causes of population boom*Reduction of war and famine *Improved hygiene and medical treatment *Improved method of transporting food and supplies *Necessity of children to lineage *Opposition to birth control methods *Lack of education and resources to slow population growth. *New crops from the New World----->MORE FOOD3
342977172Causes of environmental issues*Rural overpopulation----->soil depletion, deforestion, overgrazing *industrial pollution *lack of $$$ to buy anti-pollution technology4
342977173Causes for economic issues*Lack of industrial base *Dependence on a few cash crops or raw materials in order to fund industrialization.----->Price fluctuations----->market slumps----->debt and decline *Members of the educated classes that came to dominate the political and business lives in post-colonial societies often used their positions to enrich themselves at the expense of their societies as a whole----->funds go toward making the few rich even richer. *5
342977174Results of economic issues*State subsidies to reduce/stabilize cost of essential consumer items. *Loans from international organizations--->industrialized nations demand high concessions (commitments to buy the products of, entering alliances with, and allowing military bases of the lending countries) for their aid. *Lenders reduce/eliminate state subsidies---->social unrest and the collapse/near collapse of the post colonial regimes. *Lenders decide how the money is to be invested or repaid.6
342977175Women's Roles/Rights*Example of Western nations, in which women had won the right to vote, encouraged the leaders of the new post-colonial nations to add female suffrage to their constitutions. *Women paid active role in nationalist struggle--->helped them gain rights. *New rights had little bearing on their everyday life. *Those who gained high positions in politics usually had good connections. *Early marriage ages=normal no time for education or careers *Low sanitation and food scarcity--->women at higher risk for disease or death. male-centric customs *divorce and secular property laws passed *RELIGIOUS REVIVALISM reduced rights7
344219532Causes of Internal Strife*Communalism *Western colonialism-disruptive social divisions, random boundaries, favoritism towards certain groups, divide and rule policies, neglect of duties (by officers), *Secessionist movements- Pakistan and Bangladesh (1972) India-Sikh guerillas (80s) Morrocco, Ethiopia, Angola, Sudan, Nigeria.8
344219533Effects of Internal Strife*Democracy suffers-stalemates, bickering, eventual dictatorship9
344254040One-Party Rule/Authoritarianism*least successful response of leaders to post-independence issues *Kwame Nkrumah- Ghana '57, leftist leanings, hostility from U.S. and UK, help from Soviet bloc, dictatorial response to issues-refused to give up on plans---->FAILED miserably, crushed political opponents, made up "traditional" events to motivate ppl,military coup in 1966.10
344254041Military Response*Soldiers more resistant to ethnic/religious rivalries bc of discipline and training---->They thought they were more fit to run country *B/c they are often ANTI-COMMUNIST, they received technical and financial aid from the W. *Banned pol. parties, repressed opposition, restricted civil liberties, made little attempt to improve living standards or fix social issues. *Free Officers Movement Gamal Abdul Nasser-Egypt socialism and state intervention11
344254042India vs. Egypt (Nehru vs. Nasser)Egypt (Nasser)- socialism, state intervention, radical, foreign intervention policy (KILL Israel), dictatorship, nationalization India (Nehru)- socialism, state intervention, DEMOCRACY, better communication and more skilled middle class, state intervention AND private initiative, Green Revolution,12
344254043Effects of the Green Revolution*More $$$$ to pay for gov't programs-education, village electrification, family planning, village development.13
344254044IranPahlavi shahs---->Khomeini---->Khomeini Revolution of 1979 Religious revivalism Islam-Shia14

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