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| 4940103494 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 0 | |
| 4940103495 | Alexander the Great | Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 BCE) conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of NW India. | 1 | |
| 4940103496 | Aryans | Indo-Europeans pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians. | 2 | |
| 4940103497 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 BCE) who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully with tolerance. | 3 | |
| 4940103498 | Athenian Democracy | A radical form of direct democracy in which most of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot. | 4 | |
| 4940103499 | Battle of Marathon | Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 BCE. | 5 | |
| 4940103500 | Caesar Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 BCE-14 CE) | 6 | |
| 4940103501 | Cyrus the Great | Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 BCE); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation. | 7 | |
| 4940103502 | Darius I | Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 BCE) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire. | 8 | |
| 4940103503 | Greco-Persian Wars | Two major Persian invasions of Greece in 490 BCE and 480 BCE in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea. | 9 | |
| 4940103504 | Gupta Empire | An empire of India (320-550 CE) | 10 | |
| 4940103505 | Han Dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China from 206-220 BCE creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement. | 11 | |
| 4940103506 | Hellenistic era | The period from 323-30 BCE in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdom ruled by Alexander's political successors. | 12 | |
| 4940103507 | Herodotus | Greek historian known as the "father of history"; His histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480 BCE. | 13 | |
| 4940103508 | Hoplite | A heavily armed Greek infantryman; the ability to afford a panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship. | 14 | |
| 4940103509 | Ionia | The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greek and Persian empires. | 15 | |
| 4940103510 | Mandate of Heaven | The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently. | 16 | |
| 4940103511 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire (322-185 BCE) that encompassed most of India. | 17 | |
| 4940103512 | Olympic Games | Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honour of Zeus; founded in 776 BCE and celebrated every four years. | 18 | |
| 4940103513 | Patricians | Wealthy, privleged Romans who dominated early Roman society. | 19 | |
| 4940103514 | pax Romana | The "Roman peace" a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman empire, especially in the first and second centuries CE. | 20 | |
| 4940103515 | Peloponnesian War | Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies) lasting from 431-404 BCE. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athen's Golden Age. | 21 | |
| 4940103516 | Persepolis | The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great. | 22 | |
| 4940103517 | Persian Empire | A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 BCE. | 23 | |
| 4940103518 | Plebeians | Poorer, less-privleged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics. | 24 | |
| 4940103519 | Punic Wars | The major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 BCE, that culminated in Roman victory and control of the Western Mediterranean. | 25 | |
| 4940103520 | Qin Dynasty | A short-lived (221-206 BCE) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period. | 26 | |
| 4940103521 | Qin Shihuangdi | Literally "first emperor from Qin"; forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. | 27 | |
| 4940103522 | Solon | Athenian statesmen and lawmaker (594-560 BCE) whose reforms led the Athenians toward democracy. | 28 | |
| 4940103523 | Wudi | Han emperor (r. 141-86 BCE) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats. | 29 | |
| 4940103524 | Xiongnu | Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state | 30 | |
| 4940137117 | these are simply city states, political systems that excercise coercive power | What exsactly is an empire? | 31 | |
| 4940162902 | Empire | an group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress. | 32 | |
| 4940253764 | peoples, cultures, political, cultural | empires have generally encompassed a considerable variety of _______ and ______ within a single political system, and they have often been associated with __________ and _______ oppression. | 33 | |
| 4976681397 | Persian empire | Constructed an imperial system that drew upon previous civilizations, like the Babylonian and Assyrian empire, but surpassed them all in size and spledour | 34 | |
| 4976718005 | Persian empire | centered on an elaborate cult of kingship in which the monarch, secluded in royal magnificence, could be approached only through an elaborate ritual | 35 | |
| 4976756568 | persian | __________ monarchs fully deserved their effusive title-"Great king, king of kings, king of countries containing all kinds of men, king in this great earth, far and wide." | 36 | |
| 4940103525 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 BCE and helped cause the fall of the Han Dynasty. | 37 |
