Terms : Hide Images
| 5681714572 | bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam | 0 | |
| 5681714573 | Anamists | 1 | ||
| 5681714574 | Ridda Wars | wars that followed Muhammad's death; resulted in the defeat of rival prophets and some larger clans; restored unity of Islam | 2 | |
| 5681714575 | Jihads | struggle, often used for wars in defensive of the faith | 3 | |
| 5681714576 | Battle of Siffin | fought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads; settled negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party | 4 | |
| 5681714577 | Mawali | non-arab converts to Islam | 5 | |
| 5681714578 | Jizya | head taxed paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territory | 6 | |
| 5681714579 | Ghazu | 7 | ||
| 5681714580 | Dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later expanded to Zoroastrians and even Hindus | 8 | |
| 5681714581 | Damascus | Syrian city that was the capitol of Umayyad caliphate | 9 | |
| 5681714582 | Baghdad | capitol of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capitol of Ctesiphon | 10 | |
| 5681714583 | Ayan | the wealthy landed elite that emerged in the early decades of Abbasid rule | 11 | |
| 5681714584 | Sunni | most popular in the world anyone can rule Arian | 12 | |
| 5681714585 | Shia | also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali blood descendent Persian | 13 | |
| 5681714586 | Sufi | mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southern Asia and other regions meditated | 14 | |
| 5681714587 | Koran (Qur'an) | holy book of Islam | 15 | |
| 5681714588 | Ramadan | month long holiday included fasting every nine months | 16 | |
| 5681714589 | Caliph | the political and religious successor to Muhammad | 17 | |
| 5681714590 | Caliphate | a form of Islamic government led by a caliph | 18 | |
| 5681714591 | Umayyad | first great Muslim dynasty to rule the Caliphate | 19 | |
| 5681714592 | Abbasid | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750C.E. | 20 | |
| 5681714593 | Muhammad the Prophet | founder of Islam | 21 | |
| 5681714594 | Mosque | Islamic place for worship | 22 | |
| 5681714595 | Imam | according to Shi'ism, rulers who could trace descent from the successors of Ali | 23 | |
| 5681714596 | Hajj | A Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba | 24 | |
| 5681714597 | Shahadah | one God Allah | 25 | |
| 5681714598 | Sawm | fasting | 26 | |
| 5681714599 | Zakat | tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims | 27 | |
| 5681714600 | Salat | prayer five times a day facing the city of Mecca | 28 | |
| 5681714601 | Dhow | arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sails, strongly influenced European ship design | 29 | |
| 5681714602 | Abu Bakr | companion of 1st Muslim leader after Muhammad; regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful successor; Shi'ah regarded him as a traitor of Muhammad; known as best interpreter of dreams following Muhammad's death | 30 | |
| 5681714603 | Umar | 31 | ||
| 5681714604 | Uthman | third caliph murdered by numerous warriors returning from Egypt | 32 | |
| 5681714605 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a | 33 | |
| 5681714606 | Al-Mahdi | third of the caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve the problem of succession | 34 | |
| 5681714607 | Harem | the part of a Muslim palace or house reserved for the residence of women | 35 | |
| 5681714608 | Sunni-Shia Split | battle of siffin | 36 | |
| 5681714609 | Architecture | Muslims |  | 37 |
| 5681714610 | Art (characteristics) | 38 | ||
| 5681714611 | Crusaders | series of military adventures initially launched by western Christmas to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and extermination of heresy | 39 | |
| 5681714612 | Al-Ghazali | brilliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse Greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirely accepted by ulama | 40 | |
| 5681714613 | The Thousand and One Nights | 41 |
