Terms : Hide Images
| 998154071 | Bedouin | nomads of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding and camels. | 0 | |
| 998154072 | Shaykhs | leaders of tribes and clans within Bedouin society; usually possess large herds, several wives, and many children | 1 | |
| 998154073 | Mecca | the Arabian commercial center, home of Muhammad and future center of Islam | 2 | |
| 998154074 | Medina | town Northeast of Mecca; the town asked Muhammad to come and resolve their intergroup differences | 3 | |
| 998154075 | Hijra | Muhammad's flight to Medina; began the Muslim calendar. | 4 | |
| 998154076 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca and was later an Islamic dynasty. | 5 | |
| 998154077 | Ka'ba | revered pre-Islamic shrine in Mecca that has been incorporated into Muslim worship. | 6 | |
| 998154078 | Qur'an | recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam. | 7 | |
| 998154079 | Umma | the community of the faithful within Islam; transcended old tribal boundaries to create a degree of political unity. | 8 | |
| 998154080 | Zakat | tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims. | 9 | |
| 998154081 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj. | 10 | |
| 998154082 | Caliph | the political and religious successor to Muhammad. | 11 | |
| 998154083 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a. | 12 | |
| 998154084 | Abu Bakr | One of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph of the Islamic community. | 13 | |
| 998154085 | Ridda Wars | wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some larger clans; restored unity of Islam. | 14 | |
| 998154086 | Jihad | struggle; often used for wars in defense of the faith. | 15 | |
| 998154087 | Uthman | third caliph and member of the Umayyad clan; murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt; death set off civil war in Islam between the followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan. | 16 | |
| 998154088 | Battle of Sifflan | fought in 657 C.E. between the forces of Ali and the Umayyad; settled by a negotiation that led to fragmentation in Ali's party. | 17 | |
| 998154089 | Mu'awiya | (602-680) leader of the Umayyad clan; the first Umayyad caliph following the civil war with Ali. | 18 | |
| 998154090 | Sunni | political and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads. | 19 | |
| 998154091 | Shi'a | also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali. | 20 | |
| 998154092 | Karbala | site of death and defeat of Husayn, son of Ali; marked the beginning of the Shi'a resistance of Umayyad caliphate. | 21 | |
| 998154093 | Mawali | non-Arab converts to Islam. | 22 | |
| 998154094 | Jizya | head tax paid by all non-believers in Islamic territory. | 23 | |
| 998154095 | Dhimmis | literally "people of the book"; Jews and Christians in Islamic territories. | 24 | |
| 998154096 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E. | 25 | |
| 998154097 | Wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasid caliphate; initially recruited from the from the Persian provinces of the empire. | 26 | |
| 998154098 | Ayan | landed elite of the Abbasid rule | 27 | |
| 998154099 | Quraysh | Bedouin Tribe, founded Mecca and dominated it's politics and commercial economy. | 28 | |
| 998154100 | Allah | supreme god in the monotheistic religion of Islam. | 29 | |
| 998154101 | Khadijah | (595-619 C.E.) first wife of the prophet Muhammad. | 30 | |
| 998154102 | Hijra | Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina. | 31 | |
| 998154103 | Ramadan | Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset. | 32 | |
| 998154104 | Hajj | a Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca to worship Allah at the Ka'ba. | 33 | |
| 998154105 | Damascus | Syrian city that was the capital of the Umayyad caliphate. | 34 | |
| 998154106 | Hadiths | traditions of the prophet Muhammad. | 35 | |
| 998154107 | Battle of River Zab | victory of the Abbasid over the Umayyad; resulted in the conquest of Syria and capture of the Umayyad capital. | 36 | |
| 998154108 | Baghdad | capital of the Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near the ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon. | 37 | |
| 998154109 | Dhows | Arab sailing vessels with triangular or lateen sail; strongly influenced by European ship design. | 38 | |
| 998154110 | Mosque | Islamic house of worship. | 39 | |
| 998154111 | 610 C.E. | Muhammad receives his first revelations | 40 | |
| 998154112 | 622 C.E. | Muhammad makes his flight from Mecca to Medina | 41 | |
| 998154113 | 633-634 C.E. | Ridda Wars begin in Arabia | 42 | |
| 998154114 | 656 C.E. | assassination of Uthman | 43 | |
| 998154115 | 657 C.E. | Battle of Stiffin | 44 | |
| 998154116 | 750 C.E. | end of Umayyad dynasty | 45 | |
| 998154117 | the center of Islam was moving onward from... | Mecca | 46 | |
| 998181196 | City locations in Arabia from north to south: | Damascus, Baghdad, Medina, Mecca | 47 | |
| 998181197 | Understanding Sunni's | backed by the Umayyads, political center was Damascus | 48 | |
| 998181198 | Understanding Shi'as | believed Ali should have been caliph | 49 | |
| 998181199 | most Islam converts were won over... | peacefully | 50 | |
| 998181200 | who was the first caliph and what did he do? | Abu Bakr, had much knowledge of the history of all the tribes and could form alliances, kind and courageous, had no financial support from Muslim community | 51 | |
| 998181201 | who was the third caliph and what did he do? | Uthman, was unliked by most tribes especially from Medina and was killed. His death lead Ali to become Caliph | 52 | |
| 998181202 | Why was it easy for Abbasid forces to take over the Umayyads? | The Umayyads were so spaced out they were not unified or protected | 53 | |
| 998181203 | After the Abbasid took over the Umayyads, where was the capital moved to? | Baghdad | 54 | |
| 998181204 | Growth in Abbasid cities was due to.. | increase in handicraft production | 55 | |
| 998181205 | In Islamic culture, artistic representation focused on.. | the building of mosques | 56 | |
| 998181206 | Arab culture had....Islam | nurtured | 57 | |
| 998181207 | descendents were often traced through the... | mother | 58 | |
| 998181208 | women played a key role in... | economics | 59 |
