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| 10520136029 | Medes | Indo-European branch that settled in northern Persia and eventually fell to another branch, the Persians, in the sixth century. | 0 | |
| 10520136030 | Persians | Ethnic group that settled in what is now Iran. They were rivals for control of Mesopotamia with the Greeks, and later the Arabs. | 1 | |
| 10520136031 | Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. Revered in the traditions of both Iran and the subject peoples. | 2 | |
| 10520136032 | Achaemenid Empire | First great Persian empire (558-330 B.C.E.), which began under Cyrus and reached its peak under Darius. | 3 | |
| 10520136033 | Darius | Persian king who put satraps in place and built the Royal Road | 4 | |
| 10520136034 | Satrapies | Persian provinces | 5 | |
| 10520136035 | Satrap | A governor of a province in ancient Persia | 6 | |
| 10520136036 | Royal Road | A road in the Persian Empire, stretching over 1,600 miles from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia. | 7 | |
| 10520136037 | Xerxes | (c. 519-465 BC) King of Persia; his armies invaded Greece but were eventually defeated by the Greeks. | 8 | |
| 10520136038 | Persian Wars | A series of wars between the Greeks (mainly Athens) and the Persians in which the Greeks were usually victorious. | 9 | |
| 10520136039 | Alexander of Macedon | definition: also known as Alexander the Great, by 331 BCE, controlled Syria, Egypt, Mesopotamia; invaded Persian homeland and burned Persepolis; crossed the Indus by 327 significance: Created Bactria which influenced India, helped diffuse Greek ideas | 10 | |
| 10520136040 | Seleucids | Persian empire (323-83 B.C.E.) founded by Seleucus after the death of Alexander the Great. | 11 | |
| 10520136041 | Parthians | Persian dynasty (247 BCE-224 CE) that reached its peak under Mithradates I | 12 | |
| 10520136042 | Sassanids | Persian dynasty successed the Parthians as the last pre-Islamic dynasty in Persia | 13 | |
| 10520136043 | bureaucrat | government official | 14 | |
| 10520136044 | Qanat | underground canal used in water systems of ancient Persians | 15 | |
| 10520136045 | Zarathustra | Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC) | 16 | |
| 10520136046 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 17 | |
| 10520136047 | Magi | wise men | 18 | |
| 10520136048 | Gathas | Hymns or poems written by Zarathustra; considered to be the most authoritative expressions of the Zoroastrian religion. | 19 |
