Terms : Hide Images
| 3134014542 | Archaic cultures | hunting and gathering groups dispersed over the Americas by 9000 B.C.E. | 0 | |
| 3134014543 | Maize | a staple crop of sedentary agriculturists in the Americas; domesticated by 4000 B.C.E. in central Mexico. | 1 | |
| 3134014544 | Manioc | another staple of sedentary agriculturists in the Americas; principal crop in the lowlands of South America and the Caribbean islands. | 2 | |
| 3134014545 | Mesoamerica | the area from central Mexico to Honduras and Nicaragua. | 3 | |
| 3134014546 | Chiefdom | widely diffused pattern of social organization in the Americas; featured chieftains who ruled from central towns over a large territory, including small towns that paid tribute; the predominant town often featured temples and priest class. | 4 | |
| 3134014547 | Olmec | cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico circa 1200 B.C.E.; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and writing systems. | 5 | |
| 3134014548 | Monte Alban | Zapotec ritual center, Oaxaca, Mexico; influenced by spreading Olmec cultures | 6 | |
| 3134014549 | Teotihuacan | site of classic culture in central Mexico; urban center with important religious functions; supported by intensive agriculture in surrounding regions; population up to 200,000. | 7 | |
| 3134014550 | Maya | classical culture of southern Mexico and Central America contemporary with Teotihuacan; extended over broad region; featured monumental architecture, written language, calendrical and mathematical system; highly developed religion. | 8 | |
| 3134014551 | Stelae | large memorial pillars to commemorate triumphs and events in the lives of Mayan rulers. | 9 | |
| 3134014552 | Long count | Mayan system of dating from a fixed date in the past; 3114 B.C.E. marked the beginning of a great cycle of 5200 years; allowed precision dating of events in Mayan history. | 10 | |
| 3134014553 | Toltecs | successors of Teotihuacan culture in central Mexico; established political control over large territory after 1000 C.E.; declined after 1200 C.E. | 11 | |
| 3134014554 | Chichén Itzá | Mayan city in Yucatan, Mexico. | 12 | |
| 3134014555 | Hopewell culture | second of the mound building cultures; lasted from 200 to 500 C.E. | 13 | |
| 3134014556 | Mississippian culture | last of the mound-building cultures; included Moundville and Cahokia; flourished between 800 and 1300 C.E.; had large towns and ceremonial centers. | 14 | |
| 3134014557 | Anasazi | culture of the southwestern United States; flourished from 200 to 1200 C.E.; had large multistory adobe and stone buildings built in protected canyons or cliffs. | 15 | |
| 3134014558 | Kivas | circular pits in Anasazi communities used by men for religious meetings. | 16 | |
| 3134014559 | Puna | high valleys and steppes lying between the two major chains of the Andes; site of South American agricultural origins; also only location of pastoralism in the Americas. | 17 | |
| 3134014560 | Lunar cycle | one of the principal means for establishing a calendar; based on cycles of the moon; failed to provide an accurate guide to the round of the seasons. | 18 | |
| 3134014561 | Solar cycle | calendrical based on the solar year; variations in Western civilization are the Julian and Gregorian calendars; the Maya had a solar calendar. | 19 | |
| 3134014562 | Chavín culture | appeared in the highlands of the Andes between 1800 and 1200 B.C.E.; had ceremonial centers with large stone buildings; the greatest center was Chavín de Huantar. | 20 | |
| 3134014563 | Mochica | flourished in the Andes north of Chavín culture in the Moche valley between 200 and 700 C.E.; had great clay-brick temples; created a military chiefdom supported by extensive irrigated culture. | 21 | |
| 3134014564 | Tihuanaco and Huari | large centers for regional chiefdoms between 300 and 900 C.E., located in southern Peru; had large ceremonial centers supported by extensive irrigated agriculture; center for the spread of religious and artistic symbols all over Andean zone. | 22 | |
| 3134014565 | Chimu | regional Andean chiefdom that flourished from 800 to 1465 C.E.; fell to the Incas. | 23 | |
| 3134014566 | Ayllu | households in Andean societies based on kinship; traced descent from a common, sometimes mythical, ancestor. | 24 | |
| 3134014567 | Incas | Quechua-speaking peoples; originating in the area of Cuzco. | 25 | |
| 3134014568 | Curacas | leaders of the Andean peoples; representatives of the ayllus. | 26 | |
| 3134014569 | Huacas | spirits of Andean animism. | 27 |
