Terms : Hide Images
| 7759795769 | bedouin | nomadic | 0 | |
| 7759795770 | shaykhs | leaders of tribes and clans | 1 | |
| 7759795771 | mecca | most important trading city | 2 | |
| 7759795772 | ka'ba | one of the most revered religious shrines in pre-Islamic Arabia located in mecca | 3 | |
| 7759795773 | Medina | formerly Yathrib. city northeast of Mecca | 4 | |
| 7759795774 | Allah | god | 5 | |
| 7759795775 | Sassanian Empire | tried to control nomadic tribes of peninsula | 6 | |
| 7759795776 | Muhammad | the prophet of Allah | 7 | |
| 7759795777 | Khadijah | Muhammad's wife. | 8 | |
| 7759795778 | Gabriel | angel that delivered Allahs message to Muhammad | 9 | |
| 7759795779 | Quran | Islamic holy book | 10 | |
| 7759795780 | hijrah | Muhammad's flight to medina. marks first year in Islamic calendar. | 11 | |
| 7759795781 | Ali | secured safe passage to medina for Muhammad | 12 | |
| 7759795782 | umma | community of the faithful. caused boundaries to disappear and political unity | 13 | |
| 7759795783 | zakat | tax for charity | 14 | |
| 7759795784 | five pillars | principles that must be accepted by all believers for religious unity | 15 | |
| 7759795785 | Ramadan | enhanced community solidarity and allowed the faithful to demonstrate their fervor | 16 | |
| 7759795786 | hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca to worship Allah at the ka'ba | 17 | |
| 7759795787 | Abu Bakr | caliph from 632 to 634. came after Muhammad. very little financial support so he was still a merchant | 18 | |
| 7759795788 | ridda wars | defeat of rival prophets and some of the larger clans. brought the return of the Arabian tribes to the Islamic fold. | 19 | |
| 7759795789 | jihads | holy wars launched to forcibly spread the Muslim faith | 20 | |
| 7759795790 | Copts and nestorians | members of Christian sects that dominated Syria and egypt | 21 | |
| 7759795791 | Uthman | the third caliph. his death caused war between Sunnis and Shias | 22 | |
| 7759795792 | Battle of Siffin | battle in the war between Sunnis and Shias | 23 | |
| 7759795793 | Muawiya | new leader of Umayyads. proclaimed caliph in Jerusalem and directly challenged Ali's position | 24 | |
| 7759795794 | Sunnis | backed Umayyads. any qualified person may be caliph | 25 | |
| 7759795795 | Shia | supports of Ali. most fundamental of islam | 26 | |
| 7759795796 | why was Uthman unpopular | he was chosen even though he was an enemy of Muhammad's | 27 | |
| 7759795797 | Karbala | where Umayyads were killed along with Husayn, Ali's second son | 28 | |
| 7759795798 | Damascus | political center of community by Umayyads. lived here after the murder of Uthman | 29 | |
| 7759795799 | mawali | Muslim converts | 30 | |
| 7759795800 | jizya | head tax levied on nonbelievers | 31 | |
| 7759795801 | dhimmi | people of the book | 32 | |
| 7759795802 | hadiths | tradition of the prophet. recorded by women | 33 | |
| 7759795803 | Abbasid | frontier warriors that challenged Umayyad armies | 34 | |
| 7759795804 | Abu Al Abbas | leader of Abbasid party who slaughtered the Umayyad family so his place would not be challenged | 35 | |
| 7759795805 | baghdad | capital during Abbasid rule | 36 | |
| 7759795806 | wazir | chief administrator and head of caliphs inner councils. recruited from Persian provinces | 37 | |
| 7759795807 | dhows | sailing vessels with triangular sails | 38 | |
| 7759795808 | ayan | wealthy landed elite that emerged in early decades of Abbasid rule | 39 |
