Terms : Hide Images
| 8183352023 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks (r.768-814); emperor (r.800-814). Through a series of military conquests, he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Through illiterate himself, he sponsored a brief intellectual revival. | 0 | |
| 8183352024 | Medieval | Literally "middle ages", a term that historians of Europe use for the period ca. 500 to ca. 1500, signifying its intermediate point between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance. | 1 | |
| 8244956427 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from "Byzantium", an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. | 2 | |
| 8244994734 | Kievan Russia | State established at Kiev in Ukraine ca. 880 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population. | 3 | |
| 8245023168 | Schism | A formal split within a religious community. | 4 | |
| 8245029484 | Manor | In medieval Europe, a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence (manor house), outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land. | 5 | |
| 8245049250 | Serf | In medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. | 6 | |
| 8245080310 | Fief | In medieval Europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service. | 7 | |
| 8245098293 | Vassal | In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that lord or king. | 8 | |
| 8245129334 | Papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. | 9 | |
| 8245141164 | Holy Roman Empire | A loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. | 10 | |
| 8245170711 | Investiture Controversy | Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands. | 11 | |
| 8245190600 | Monasticism | Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. It was a prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddism.Monasteries were the primary centers of learning and literacy in medieval Europe. | 12 | |
| 8245214592 | Horse Collar | Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adaption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles. | 13 | |
| 8245283055 | Crusades | (1095-1204). Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolations. | 14 | |
| 8245314320 | Pilgrimages | Journey to the second shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins. Other religions also have pilgrimages tradition, such as the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and the pilgrimages made by early Chinese Buddhists to India in search of sacred Buddhist writings. | 15 | |
| 8245385356 | Feudalism | The system of exchanging land for service. | 16 | |
| 8245397192 | Page | The first stage began at about seven. | 17 | |
| 8245402610 | Squire | The second stage usually the boy was a teenager (14). | 18 | |
| 8245423721 | Knight | Men that fought for their country; third on the social pyramid (behind lords and church officials but before the peasants). | 19 |
