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| 5829665897 | Sahara | Desert running across northern Africa; separates the Mediterranean coast from southern Africa | 0 | |
| 5829667005 | sahel | The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; a point of exchange between the forests to the south and northern Africa | 1 | |
| 5829671646 | tsetse fly | flourished in wet lowlands; carried sleeping sickness that severely limited pastoralism in western and central Africa | 2 | |
| 5829673579 | transhumant | A form of pastoralism common to the Mediterranean basin and the Sahara; involves moving from one region to another according to the season | 3 | |
| 5829675524 | Nok | culture featuring highly developed art style flourishing between 500 b.c.e and 200 c.e.; located in forests of central Nigeria | 4 | |
| 5829677078 | Yoruba | City-states developed in northern Nigeria c. 1200 c.e.; Ife featured artistic style possibly related to earlier Nok culture; agricultural societies supported by peasantry and dominated by ruling family and aristocracy | 5 | |
| 5829681635 | Bantu | Originated in eastern Nigeria in west Africa; migrated into central and southern Africa using rivers - particularly the Congo Basin; village dwellers who depended on agriculture and fishing | 6 | |
| 5829686064 | Pygmies | One of few pure hunting societies left in Africa following Bantu migration | 7 | |
| 5829686065 | Axum | Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; defeated kingdom of Kush around 300 B.C.E. and succeeded by Ethiopia. Received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity | 8 | |
| 5829686066 | Ghana | First great sub-Saharan state; created by Soninke people; by 9th century c.e. a major source of gold in the Mediterranean world | 9 | |
| 5829700344 | Sudanic States | Kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power in the region; based at Takrur on the Senegal River to the west and Gao on the Niger River to the east; included Mali and Songhay | 10 | |
| 5829707305 | Kumbi Saleh | Capital of empire of Ghana; divided into two adjoining cities - one for the king, court, and indigenous people, and one for the merchants, scholars, and religious leaders; flourished 750 - 1240 | 11 | |
| 5829711134 | Mali | Empire centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers; creation of Malinke peoples; broke away from control of Ghanan in 13th century | 12 | |
| 5829712782 | Almoravids | A puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain | 13 | |
| 5829778788 | pastoral nomads | an intermediate form of ecological adaption dependent on domesticated animal herds that feed on the natural environment; typically more populous than shifting cultivation groups | 14 | |
| 5829782740 | Indo-europeans | Many people and languages of Europe, Iran, and northern India share a common linguistic traits due to being part of this ancient group. | 15 | |
| 5829786399 | Xiongnu | nomadic raiders from the grasslands north of China during the reign of Han dynasty | 16 | |
| 5829788658 | Celts | Inhabited most of Britain and Ireland; organized in small regional kingdoms; featured mixed agricultural and hunting economies; replaced in most places by German | 17 | |
| 5829790367 | Germans | Populated much of the northwestern portion of the European continent. Their culture and institutions resembled those of the Celts. Mixed agriculture and hunting, and they also herded cattle | 18 | |
| 5829791118 | Volkerwanderungen | Movement of Germanic peoples southward into the Roman Empire; resulted from population growth, pressure of Asian groups on eastern flanks of Germanic regions | 19 | |
| 5829791708 | Slavs | An Indo-European group in Russia and the Balkans that ultimately dominated much of eastern Europe from the Balkans northward | 20 | |
| 5829791709 | Scythians | Barbarians from Caucasus region in South Russia | 21 | |
| 5830270474 | Honshu | Largest of the Japanese islands; most heavily populated | 22 | |
| 5830270479 | Jomon culture | Created by early migrants to Japan after 3000 b.c.e.; hunting-and-gathering people, produced a distinctive pottery form | 23 | |
| 5830270996 | Yayoi epoch | Last centuries b.c.e. in Japan; featured introduction of wet-rice cultivation, ironworking; produced wheel-turned pottery and sophisticated bronzeware | 24 | |
| 5830270997 | Shinto | Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and natural spirits | 25 | |
| 5830272194 | Ameterasu | Sun goddess of the Shinto religion | 26 | |
| 5830272529 | Yamato | Japanese clan that gained increasing dominance in the 4th and 5th centuries c.e.; created imperial cult around Amaterasu and Shinto; brought most of the lowland plains of the southern islands under control | 27 | |
| 5830272530 | Nara | Along with Heian, capital of the Yamato emperors; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated | 28 | |
| 5830273274 | Heian | Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated | 29 | |
| 5830274665 | Austronesian | Family of 30 related languages found in the Philippines, Indonesia, and southeast Asia; people of this linguistic group migrated throughout the Pacific | 30 | |
| 5830274666 | Polynesia | Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island | 31 | |
| 5830275518 | pahi | Double canoes used for long-distance voyaging; carried a platform between canoes for passengers or cargo | 32 | |
| 5830275519 | Kamehameha I | Fought series of wars backed by British weapons and advisors resulting in unified Hawaiian kingdom by 1810; as king he promoted economic change by encouraging Western merchants to establish export trade in Hawaiian good | 33 | |
| 5830275926 | mana | Power of Hawaiian ali'i; emanated from their lineages and enable them to extract labor or tribute from their subjects | 34 | |
| 5830275927 | kapu | Complex set of social regulations in Hawaii that forbade certain activities and regulated social discourse | 35 | |
| 5830275928 | Maori | Residents of New Zealand; migrated to New Zealand from Society Islands as early as 8th century c.e. | 36 | |
| 5830276453 | moa | Large, wingless birds native to New Zealand; hunted to extinction by early settlers; extinction established need to develop new sources of protiens | 37 | |
| 5830281109 | hapu | primary social unit of Maori society in New Zealand; divisions of tribes consisting of extended families; land allotted ot extended families in common | 38 |
