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AP World History Chapter 9 Flashcards Flashcards

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333028729Brahmin-highest Hindu caste: the first of the four Hindu castes, the members of which are priests and scholars of Vedic literature -political advisors to members of ruling warrior class0
333028730Kshatriya-Hindu caste: the second of the four Hindu castes, originally a royal and warrior caste -In modern times its members are professionals, administrators, or military personnel -Warriors and ruling class, political rulers1
333028731Vaishya-A member of the second-lowest of the four major castes of traditional Indian society, comprising farmers, herders, merchants, and businessmen -Major sect of guilds2
333028732Shudra- the lowest of the four Hindu castes, the members of which were segregated as ritually unclean by most castes because they performed tasks that were regarded as polluting -farmers, servants, laborers3
333028733Brahmanas-Any of several ancient Hindu religious prose texts that explain the relationship of the Vedas to the sacrificial ceremonies -Reveal much of historic Hindu beliefs4
333028734Upanishads-part of the Hindu Shruti scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy and are seen as religious5
333028735Dharma-performing of duties of Hinduism: in Hinduism, somebody's duty to behave according to strict religious and social codes, or the righteousness earned by performing religious and social duties6
333028736Karma-actions determining future state: in Hindu and Buddhist philosophy, the quality of somebody's current and future lives as determined by that person's behavior in this and in previous lives7
333028737Atman-essence of individual: in Hinduism, a person's essence or real self8
333028738Siddharta Gautama-a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded -very influential in politics and the rule of imperial leaders, ex: Asoka9
333028739The Buddha-Name for Siddharta Gautama10
333028740Four Noble Truths of BuddhismThe Four Noble Truths are one of the central teachings of the Buddhist tradition Dukkha: Suffering is the cause of all problems Origin of Dukkha: Suffering is a result of Desire The cessation of suffering is possible The way to accomplish this is to follow the Eightfold Path11
333028741Nirvana-Nirvāṇa is a central concept in Indian religions. In sramanic thought, it is the state of being free from suffering -In Hindu philosophy, it is the union with the Supreme being through moksha -literally means "blowing out"—referring in the Buddhist context, to the blowing out of the fires of greed, hatred, and delusion12
333028742Sangha-Sangha is a word in Pali or Sanskrit that can be translated roughly as "association" or "assembly," "company" or "community" with common goal, vision or purpose -Sangha is the third of the Three Jewels in Buddhism13
333028743Mahāyāna-Mahāyāna is one of the two main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice -is the larger of the two major traditions of Buddhism existing today14
333028744Stupa-is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the remains of Buddha, used by Buddhists as a place of worship15
333028745Theraveda-literally, "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the Ancient Teaching," is the oldest surviving Buddhist school -founded in India -relatively conservative, and generally closer to early Buddhism -has been the predominant religion of Sri Lanka16
333028746Bodhisattva-bodhisattva is either an enlightened (bodhi) existence (sattva) or an enlightenment-being17
333028747Jainism-an Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings -Its philosophy and practice emphasize the necessity of self-effort to move the soul towards divine consciousness and liberation18
333028748Mahavira-the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamāna who established what are today considered to be the central tenets of Jainism.19
333028749Shinto-the indigenous spirituality of Japan and the people of Japan -a set of practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present day Japan and its ancient past -Coexisted with Chinese Buddhism20
333028750Kami-the Japanese word for the spirits, natural forces, or essence in the Shinto faith -Although the word is sometimes translated as "god" or "deity", some Shinto scholars argue that such a translation can cause a misunderstanding of the term21
333028751Prince Shotoku Taishi-was a regent and one of the most outstanding figures in the history of early Japan -His reign marked a turning-point in the cultural and political development of Japan -A precocious child, he read extensively and acquired knowledge and wisdom at an early age22

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