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| 7171155907 | Buddha | Creator of a major Indian and Asian religion; born in 6th century B.C.E. as son of local ruler among Aryan tribes located near Himalayas; became am ascetic; found enlightenment under bo tree; taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for all earthly things. | 0 | |
| 7171155908 | Alexander the Great | Successor of Philip ||; successfully conquered Persian empire prior to his death in 323 B.C.E.; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures. | 1 | |
| 7171155909 | Himalayas | Mountain region marking the northern border of the Indian subcontinent; site of Aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms or warrior republics. | 2 | |
| 7171155910 | monsoons | Seasonal winds crossing Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia; during summer bring rains. | 3 | |
| 7171155911 | Sanskirt | The sacred and classical Indian language. | 4 | |
| 7171155912 | varnas | Clusters of caste groups in Aryan society; four social castes- brahmans (priests), warriors, merchants, and peasants; beneath four Aryan castes was a group of socially untouchable Dasas. | 5 | |
| 7171155913 | untouchables | Low social caste in Hindu culture; preformed tasks that were considered polluting- street sweeping, removal of human waste, and tanning. | 6 | |
| 7171155914 | Indra | Chief deity of the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior. | 7 | |
| 7172217103 | Chandragupta Maurya | Founder of the Mauryan dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization. | 8 | |
| 7172217104 | Mauryan | Dynasty established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century B.C.E. following invasion by Alexander the Great. | 9 | |
| 7172217105 | Ashoka | Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire. | 10 | |
| 7172217106 | dharma | The caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform occupation to the best of one's ability in order to have a better situation in the next life. | 11 | |
| 7172217107 | Kushans | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries. | 12 | |
| 7172217108 | Guptas | Dynasty that succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century C.E.; built empire that extended to all but the southern regions of Indian sub-continent; less centralized than Mauryan empire. | 13 | |
| 7172217109 | Kautilya | Political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; one of the authors of Arthashastra; believed in scientific application of warfare. | 14 | |
| 7172217110 | gurus | Originally referred to as Brahmans who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas. | 15 | |
| 7172217111 | Vishnu | The brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice; widely worshipped. | 16 | |
| 7172217112 | Shiva | Hindu, god of destruction and reproduction; worshipped as the personification of cosmic forces of change. | 17 | |
| 7172217113 | reincarnation | The successive attachment of the soul to some animate form of according to merits earned in previous lives. | 18 | |
| 7172217114 | nirvana | The Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility. | 19 | |
| 7172217115 | Kamasutra | Written by Vatsayana during Gupta era; offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher-caste males, including grooming, hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and lovemaking. | 20 | |
| 7172227826 | stupas | Stone shrines built to house pieces of bone or hair and personal possessions said to be relics of the Buddha; preserved Buddhist architectural forms. | 21 | |
| 7172227827 | scholar-gentry | Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi; superseded shi as governors of China. | 22 |
