AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP World History Chapter Nine Notecards Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7717337741CharlemagneKing of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Though illiterate himself, he sponsored a brief intellectual revival. 9.2530
7717338021MedievalLiterally "middle age," a term that historians of Europe use for the period ca. 500 to ca. 1500, signifying its intermediate point between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance. 9.2531
7717339616Byzantine EmpireHistorians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from "Byzantium," an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. 9.2532
7717340391Kievan RussiaState established at Kiev in Ukraine ca. 880 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population. 9.2543
7717341774SchismA formal split within a religious community. 9.2544
7717342056ManorIn medieval Europe, a large, self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence (manor house), outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land. 9.2605
7717342296SerfIn medieval Europe, an agricultural laborer legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. 9.2606
7717342712FiefIn medieval Europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service. 9.2627
7717343156VassalIn medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord. 9.2628
7717343504PapacyThe central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. 9.2639
7717343926Holy Roman EmpireLoose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by the princes. It lasted from 962 to 1806. 9.26610
7717344350Investiture ControversyDispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands. 9.26611
7717346479MonasticismLiving in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty. It was a prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddhism. Monasteries were the primary centers of learning and literacy in medieval Europe. 9.26712
7717346654Horse CollarHarnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse-drawn plows and vehicles. 9.27213
7717346879Crusades(1095-1204) Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. 9.27414
7717347406PilgrimageJourney to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins. Other religions also have pilgrimage traditions, such as the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca and the pilgrimages made by early Chinese Buddhists to India in search of sacred Buddhist writings. 9.27515

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!