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AP World History Empires Flashcards

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5652460970Centralizedunitary government; under one central authority0
5652460971Decentralizedcentral to local government1
5652460972BureaucracyA form of organization that operates through impersonal, uniform rules and procedures composed of appointed officials2
5652460973Empirean extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.3
5652460974Conversionthe act or an instance of converting or the process of being converted such as a religion4
5652460975Infrastructurethe basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g., buildings, roads, and power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.5
5652460976Diplomacythe profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad.6
5652460977Supply Linesa system involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer. Supply chain activities transform materials into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer. Used in Roman military7
5652460978Currencya system of money in general use in a particular country/empire8
5652460979Artisansa worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand.9
5652460980Corvée LaborUnpaid labor that a European vassal owed a lord or that a citizen in later times owed the state, either in addition to or in lieu of taxes.10
5652460981Slaverythe act of owning someone who has no free will due to overtaking their country or buying them11
5652460982Tributean act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration.12
5652460983Pack Animalsan animal used to carry heavy loads13
5652460984Lateen sailsa triangular sail on a long yard at an angle of 45° to the mast in the Mediterranean14
5652460985Hierarchya system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.15
5652460986Desalinizationenergy intensive and produces an extremely concentrated brine byproduct with detrimental environmental effects.16
5652460987Integrationthe action or process of integrating.17
5652460988Mandate of HeavenChinese belief that the emperors ruled through the mandate, or approval, of heaven contingent on their ability to look after the welfare of the population18
5652460989Filial PietyIn Confucian philosophy, a book explaining a virtue of respect for one's parents and ancestors.19
5652460990JatiIndian word for a Hindu subcaste20
5652460991Pax Romana"Roman Peace," a term that relates to the period of political stability, cultural brilliance, and economic prosperity beginning with the unification under Augustus and lasting through the first two centuries CE21
5652460992ConstantineRoman emperor (r. 312-337). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion. (p.159)22
5652460993Civil service examrecruitment method and educational system employed from the Han dynasty23
5652460994Assimilationthe process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group24
5652460995Han Wudimost prominent and important Han dynasty empire, created public school system; important because public school idea still used today25
5652460996Win Shihuandgdialso known as Qin Shi Huang; first emperor of China26
5652460997August CaesarHonorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. (151)27
5652460998AsokaThird ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. (p. 184)28
5652460999CyrusFounder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. Revered in the traditions of both Iran and the subject peoples.29
5652461000Achaemenid Empirefirst great Persian empire, which began under Cyrus and reached its peak under Darius30
5652461001DariusThird ruler of the Persian Empire (r. 521-486 B.C.E.). He crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major government posts to Persians rather than to Medes.31
5652461002PersepolisA complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homelan (119)32
5652461003XerxesEmperor who had trouble maintaining the cultural tolerance of the empire and dealt with rebellions in Egypt and Mesopotamia33
5652461004Alexander of MacedonKing of Macedonia in northern Greece. Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. Later known as Alexander the Great. (p. 136)34

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