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| 11325193885 | Porcelain Definition | is a ceramic material made by heating materials, generally including kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between 1,200 and 1,400 °C | 0 | |
| 11325193886 | Porcelain Context | There was a large increase in the trade on the silk road and they needed new trade goods | 1 | |
| 11325193887 | Porcelain Significance | It was one of china's biggest exports in Chinese history and it was popular all throughout the continent | 2 | |
| 11325193888 | Woodblock Printing Definition | is a technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper. for the text to be printed was first written on a sheet of paper. The paper was then glued face-down to the wood block and, using a knife, the characters on the paper were carefully engraved on the wood. The surface of wood block was then inked and covered with a sheet of paper. By gently brushing the paper over the engraved characters, the text was printed. | 3 | |
| 11325193889 | Woodblock printing context | Paper had been discovered and thus they wanted to make it faster to copy text, so the made a copying machine. with it they had many book shops. | 4 | |
| 11325193890 | Woodblock printing significance | It printed so much faster and efficiently that it became a good business to sell them along the silk road. | 5 | |
| 11325193891 | Junks Definition | Junk, classic Chinese sailing vessel of ancient unknown origin, still in wide use. High-sterned, with projecting bow, the junk carries up to five masts on which are set square sails consisting of panels of linen or matting flattened by bamboo strips. Each sail can be spread or closed at a pull, like a venetian blind. The massive rudder takes the place of a keel, or centreboard. The hull is partitioned by solid bulkheads running both transversely and longitudinally, adding greatly to strength. Chinese junks sailed to Indonesian and Indian waters by the early Middle Ages. | 6 | |
| 11325193892 | Junks context | Junks first appeared during the Han dynasty and were first used to explore. | 7 | |
| 11325193893 | Junks Significance | They were so large that they could carry a lot of trade items and that greatly increased sea trade to all parts of asia because they were so fast and maneuverable. | 8 | |
| 11325193894 | Feudal Japan Definition | The era of feudalism in Japan took place from the 12th through 19th centuries. During that period local rulers, either powerful families or military warlords, dominated the land, while the emperor was merely a figurehead and not a significant political presence. | 9 | |
| 11325193895 | Feudal Japan Context | occurred 1185-1868. It was the age of the samurai and warrior leaders. | 10 | |
| 11325193896 | Feudal Japan Significance | a time when powerful families (daimyo) and the military power of warlords (shogun), and their warriors, the samurai ruled Japan. The Yamato family remained as emperor, but their power was seriously reduced because the daimyo, shoguns, and samurai were so powerful. | 11 | |
| 11325193897 | Shinto Definition | the native religion of Japan, primarily a system of nature and ancestor worship. | 12 | |
| 11325193898 | Shinto context | Before buddhism arrived, shintoism was the dominant religion. They were devoted to the spirits of nature. They made rituals to help make sense of the Universe. | 13 | |
| 11325193899 | Shinto significance | has remained important because the Japanese understand the significance of native religious beliefs, especially when they are wholesome, religious convictions that stress a strong family bond and peace throughout the community. | 14 | |
| 11325193900 | Indian Ocean Trade Networks Definition | The Indian Ocean trade routes connected Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa. From at least the third century BCE, long-distance sea trade moved across a web of routes linking all of those areas as well as East Asia. In the classical era, major empires involved in the Indian Ocean trade included the Mauryan Empire, the Han Dynasty, the Achaemenid Empire, and the Roman Empire. | 15 | |
| 11325193901 | Indian Ocean Trade Networks Context | From at least the third century BCE, long-distance sea trade moved across a web of routes linking all of those areas as well as East Asia (particularly China). | 16 | |
| 11325193902 | Indian Ocean Trade Networks Significance | Long before Europeans "discovered" the Indian Ocean, traders from Arabia, Gujarat, and other coastal areas used triangle-sailed dhows to harness the seasonal monsoon winds. Domestication of the camel helped bring coastal trade goods - silk, porcelain, spices, slaves, incense, and ivory - to inland empires, as well. | 17 | |
| 11325193903 | Hanseatic League Definition | organization founded by north German towns and German merchant communities abroad to protect their mutual trading interests. | 18 | |
| 11325193904 | Hanseatic League Context | The league dominated commercial activity in northern Europe from the 13th to the 15th century. The origins of the league are to be found in groupings of traders and groupings of trading towns in two main areas: in the east, where German merchants won a monopoly of the Baltic trade, and in the west, where Rhineland merchants (especially from Cologne [Köln]) were active in the Low Countries and in England. | 19 | |
| 11325193905 | Hanseatic League Significance | The League aimed to protect trade, which meant that maintaining peace was also a major concern. It sometimes waged war but favored peace. | 20 | |
| 11325193906 | Trans Saharan Trade definition | As Adu Boahen has explained, the trans-Saharan caravan trade began to take place on a regular basis during the fourth century, as an expanded version of the pre-existing intra- and interregional trade among peoples of the forest, savanna, Sahel, and Sahara. Major items that where traded were salt, slaves and gold. | 21 | |
| 11325193907 | Trans Saharan Trade Context | Trade from 700s to 1600s. | 22 | |
| 11325193908 | Trans Saharan Trade Significance | Helped several empires and countries with needed slave labor to build famed structures. Mainly in Arab states. | 23 | |
| 11325193909 | Ibn Battuta definition | Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta was a Moroccan Muslim scholar and traveler. He was known for his traveling and undertaking excursions called the Rihla. His journeys lasted for a period of almost thirty years, covering nearly the whole of the known Islamic world. | 24 | |
| 11325193910 | Ibn Battuta context | Born in Tangier, Morocco, Ibn Battuta came of age in a family of Islamic judges. In 1325, at age 21, he left his homeland for the Middle East. He intended to complete his hajj—the Muslim pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca—but he also wished to study Islamic law along the way. | 25 | |
| 11325193911 | Ibn Battuta Significance | but when he returned to Morocco for good in 1354, the country's sultan ordered him to compile a travelogue. He spent the next year dictating his story to a writer named Ibn Juzayy. The result was an oral history called A Gift to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities and the Marvels of Traveling, better known as the Rihla (or "travels"). | 26 | |
| 11325193912 | Ghana Definition | The Republic of Ghana is named after the medieval Ghana Empire of West Africa. The actual name of the Empire was Wagadugu. | 27 | |
| 11325193913 | Ghana Context | Ghana was the title of the kings who ruled the kingdom. It was controlled by Sundiata in 1240 AD, and absorbed into the larger Mali Empire. | 28 | |
| 11325193914 | Ghana Significance | Ghana was called the Gold Coast. The Portuguese who came to Ghana in the 15th Century found so much gold between the rivers Ankobra and the Volta that they named the place Mina - meaning Mine. The Gold Coast was later adopted to by the English colonisers. Similarily, the French, equally impressed by the trinkets worn by the coastal people, named The Ivory Coast, Cote d'Ivoire. In 1482, the Portuguese built a castle in Elmina. Their aim was to trade in gold, ivory and slaves. In 1481 King John II of Portugal sent Diego d'Azambuja to build this castle. | 29 | |
| 11325193915 | Mali Definition | The empire was founded by Sundiata Keita and became renowned for the wealth of its rulers, especially Musa Keita. The Manding languages were spoken in the empire. | 30 | |
| 11325193916 | Mali Context | The Empire was founded in 1235 CE by the legendary King Sundiata [ii], and lasted until the early 1600s. | 31 | |
| 11325193917 | Mali Significance | It was the largest empire in West Africa and profoundly influenced the culture of West Africa through the spread of its language, laws and customs. Became powerful by controlling the rich trans-Saharan trade routes between northern and western Africa, especially the gold trade. Mali was located in an agriculturally rich area along the upper Niger River. | 32 | |
| 11325193918 | Swahili Culture definition | It is the mixture of Perso-Arab and Bantu cultures in Kilwa that is credited for creating Swahili as a distinctive East African culture and language. The diverse history of the Swahili Coast has also resulted in multicultural influences on Swahili arts, including furniture and architecture. | 33 | |
| 11325193919 | swahili culture Context | culture of the Swahili people inhabiting the Swahili Coast. This littoral area encompasses Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda and Mozambique, as well as the adjacent islands of Zanzibar and Comoros and some parts of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Malawi. | 34 | |
| 11325193920 | swahili culture significance | . Around the 8th century, the Swahili people engaged in the Indian Ocean trade. As a consequence, they were influenced by Arabic, Persian, Indian, and Chinese cultures. During the 10th century, several city-states flourished along the Swahili Coast and adjacent island. They were Muslim, cosmopolitan, and politically independent of one another. | 35 | |
| 11325193921 | Mansa Musa Definition | Mansa Musa (about 1280 - about 1337) was an emperor (mansa) of the Mali Empire during the 14th century. He became emperor in 1307. | 36 | |
| 11325193922 | Mansa Musa context | He became the first Muslim ruler in West Africa to make the nearly four thousand mile journey to Mecca. Preparing for the expedition took years and involved the work of artisans in numerous towns and cities across Mali. | 37 | |
| 11325193923 | Mansa Musa significance | He was the first African ruler to be widely known throughout Europe and the Middle East. He was a devoted Muslim, and built many schools based on the teachings of the Qur'an. at his time was worth $400 billion, is still the richest man to date. | 38 | |
| 11325193924 | Delhi Sultanate definition | refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India (1210-1526). It was founded after Muhammad of Ghor defeated Prithvi Raj and captured Delhi in 1192. In 1206, Qutb ud-Din, | 39 | |
| 11325193925 | Anchorage Definition | a part of a body of water protected and deep enough to be a place of safety for ships | 40 | |
| 11325193926 | Delhi sultanate context | principal Muslim sultanate in north India from the 13th to the 16th century. Its creation owed much to the campaigns of Muʿizz al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Sām (Muḥammad of Ghūr; brother of Sultan Ghiyās̄ al-Dīn of Ghūr) and his lieutenant Quṭb al-Dīn Aibak between 1175 and 1206 | 41 | |
| 11325193927 | Delhi Sultanate significance | one of his generals, proclaimed himself sultan of Delhi and founded a line of rulers called the Slave dynasty, because he and several of the sultans who claimed succession from him were originally military slaves. | 42 | |
| 11325193928 | Anchorage Context | Indian Ocean Trade was increasing | 43 | |
| 11325193929 | Anchorage Significance | In a time when Indian ocean trade was increasingly important to have areas that would protect ships and their cargo. | 44 | |
| 11325193930 | Cahokia definition | the location where Mississippian culture thrived before European explorers landed in the Americas. The ruins of this sophisticated native civilization are preserved at Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site in Collinsville, Illinois | 45 | |
| 11325193931 | Cahokia Context | From about 700 CE to 1400 CE, this site flourished and was once one of the greatest cities in the world. | 46 | |
| 11325193932 | Cahokia Significance | This complex society at Cahokia prospered in the fertile lands off of the Mississippi River (situated across the river from modern St. Louis, Missouri), and it was booming long before Europeans came to America. | 47 | |
| 11325193933 | Toltec definition | a member of an Indian people living in central Mexico before the advent of the Aztecs and traditionally credited with laying the foundation of Aztec culture. | 48 | |
| 11325193934 | Toltec Context | The Toltecs sacked and burned the great city of Teotihuacán about 900 CE. Tradition tells that this occurred under the leadership of Mixcóatl ("Cloud Serpent"). Under his son, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcóatl, they formed a number of small states of various ethnic origins into an empire later in the 10th century. | 49 | |
| 11325193935 | Toltec Significance | The advent of the Toltecs marked the rise of militarism in Mesoamerica. They also were noted as builders and craftsmen and have been credited with the creation of fine metalwork, monumental porticoes, serpent columns, gigantic statues, carved human and animal standard-bearers, and peculiar reclining Chac Mool figures. | 50 |
