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| 6065446560 | what opened European's eyes to the vast riches of the orient | the crusades // the adventures of marco polo | 0 | |
| 6065461939 | what were the three main reasons for exploration | --gold --glory --god | 1 | |
| 6065469731 | whose support led to portugal taking the lead in exploration | governmental support from Prince Henry the Navigator | 2 | |
| 6065492915 | what conquest did prince henry the navigator take that made him want to search the orient | conquest of the muslim city of Ceuto in north africa (1415) | 3 | |
| 6065529574 | what did prince henry the navigator find in ceuto that dazzled him | --exotic spices (pepper/cinnamon/cloves) --gold/silver/jewels | 4 | |
| 6065544491 | why did portugal have the ideal location for exploration | it was located on the atlantic ocean at the southwest corner of europe | 5 | |
| 6065795078 | how did prince henry the navigator enhance portugal's opportunities in exploration | he established a navigation school where mapmakers/instrument makers/shipbuilders/scientists/sea captains gathered to perfect his trade | 6 | |
| 6065870806 | what two main inventions allowed exploration | the caravel// the astrolabe | 7 | |
| 6065873253 | what was an astrolabe | it allowed captains to judge latitude (distance north and south) | 8 | |
| 6065895786 | what was the MOST IMPORANTNT INVENNTIONNN | the caravel | 9 | |
| 6065895787 | what was the caravel | a ship that allowed europeans to sail into the wind via triangular sails | 10 | |
| 6065903639 | what is another word for 'into the wind' | 'to tack' | 11 | |
| 6065905871 | where did the portuguese believe the path to the orient lie | it lay around africa, so they began exploring down the west coat of africa | 12 | |
| 6065987633 | what italian captain tried to convince the portuguese that the path to the orient was west around the word | christopher columbus | 13 | |
| 6066010140 | why did the portuguese disagree with columbus' ideaaa | the world was too big and any ship would run out of supplies before reaching the orient | 14 | |
| 6066103765 | which portuguese captain sailed around the southern tip of africa in 1488 | bartolomeu dias | 15 | |
| 6066125928 | who was the first european to reach the orient (india) by sailing around the southern tip of africa | vasco da gama | 16 | |
| 6066131383 | what was another name for the southern tip of africa | the cape of good hope | 17 | |
| 6066143961 | who did christopher columbus go to for support after the portuguese denied his ideas | the spanish (ferdinand and isabella) | 18 | |
| 6066173525 | why did ferdinand and isabella turn christopher columbus the first time | they were in the middle of driving the moors (muslims) out of spain | 19 | |
| 6066181870 | what was the last muslim stronghold to fall to the spanish | grenada | 20 | |
| 6066193612 | when did ferdinand and isabella accept christopher columbus' proposal | `1492 | 21 | |
| 6066202959 | what were columbus's thrreeeeee shippsps | --the nina --the pinta --the santa maria | 22 | |
| 6066208876 | why are native americans known as indians | bc christopher columbus thought he reached the east iindies | 23 | |
| 6066220904 | who discovered that the land that columbus came across was not actually part of asia, but a new world | amerigo vespucci | 24 | |
| 6066265912 | why is america what it is | german mapmaker named it america in honor of amerigoooo | 25 | |
| 6066280436 | what did pope alexander VI do to prevent a trade war between portugal and the spanish | he made the treaty of tordesillas in 1493 | 26 | |
| 6066289936 | what did the treaty of tordisillas invilve | a line of demarcation (running north/south 1250 miles west of cape verde islands)--east of the line was portugal's, west of the line was spain's | 27 | |
| 6066330118 | which area came under portuguese control while the rest remained with the spanish | brazil | 28 | |
| 6066346294 | who led the first expedition to circumnavigate the world | ferdinand magellan (1519) | 29 | |
| 6066354475 | what was the outcome of the mission to circumnavigate the world | magellan was killed, only 1 ship with 18 men survived , but they made it bOI | 30 | |
| 6067240891 | who had dominated the spice trade in the indian ocean for centuries | THE muslims | 31 | |
| 6067249163 | how did the portuguese take control of the spice trade away from the muslims | --they captured Goa (1510) and made it the capital of their trading empire --took over the moluccas, which became known as the spice islands | 32 | |
| 6067269814 | what was the differences in trading expenses for overland trade vs sea trade | sea trade cost 1/5 the amount that over land trade did | 33 | |
| 6067326881 | who challenged the portugues' control over the indian ocean trade | the english and the dutch | 34 | |
| 6067341754 | what was unique about the dutch's fleet | it was the largest in the world with 20,000 vessels | 35 | |
| 6067347367 | what powers did the dutch east indian company have | --the power to mint money --the power to make treaties --the power to raise their own armies | 36 | |
| 6067362207 | where were the dutch's trading headquarters | Java | 37 | |
| 6067364848 | what is another name for the dutch republic | the netherlands | 38 | |
| 6067367083 | what is the dutch capital | amsterdam | 39 | |
| 6067369879 | what is unique about amsterdam | it became the leading commercial city of europe | 40 | |
| 6067381807 | under which dynasty did the chinese unite when they drove out the mongols | the Ming dynasty | 41 | |
| 6067448234 | who drove the mongols out of china (1368) and became the first ming emperor | Hongwu, the son of a peasant | 42 | |
| 6067461048 | what was the capital of china in the ming dynasty | Beijing (the forbidden city) | 43 | |
| 6067475031 | which chinese admiral launched seven voyages of exploration into southeast asia and india (1405) | Zheng He | 44 | |
| 6067480764 | how long was japan's period of isolation | 200 years | 45 | |
| 6067514110 | what factors discouraged chinese exploration | --their economy was agriclturally based --high taxes on manufacturing//trade | 46 | |
| 6067526846 | which jesuit tried to introduce christianity to china | Matteo Ricci | 47 | |
| 6067529363 | who conquered china from the north in 1644 | the manchus | 48 | |
| 6067535533 | what dynasty did the manchus estalish | the Qing dynasty | 49 | |
| 6067538826 | how long did the qing dynasty last | 260 years | 50 | |
| 6067543591 | which qing emperor led china to its greatest size prosperity | qian-long | 51 | |
| 6067595610 | what did the ritual kowtow entail | visitors kneeled down in front of the emperor and touch their heads to the ground 9 times | 52 | |
| 6067610600 | which country opened trade with china | the dutch (england did not) | 53 | |
| 6067619954 | what items were traded between china and the dutch | --porcelain --silk --tea | 54 | |
| 6067629063 | what percentage of shipments to europe was made up of tea by 1800 | 80% | 55 | |
| 6067646477 | what was china's population by 1800 | 300 million | 56 | |
| 6067650458 | what other area did the manchus conquer during the qing dynasty | korea (the hermit kingdom) | 57 | |
| 6067657507 | what period in japan was their civil war (the period of the warring states) | 1467-1568 | 58 | |
| 6067669376 | who fought in the japanese civil war | daimyos (japanese nobles) for control | 59 | |
| 6067673981 | where did the japanese emperor rule from | kyoto (though he had little actual power lol) | 60 | |
| 6067678115 | which daimyo brought an end to the civil war | Oda Nobunaga | 61 | |
| 6067682256 | what was oda nobunaga's banner | 'rule the empire by force' | 62 | |
| 6067690255 | who was the first shogun of japan | Tokugawa Ieyasu | 63 | |
| 6067695531 | which major city was the capital of Edo going to become | tokyo, yo | 64 | |
| 6067703503 | what institution was founded by tokugawa ieyasu | the tokugawa shogunate (ruled until 1868) | 65 | |
| 6067720349 | what form of poetry became popular in japan | haiku poetry | 66 | |
| 6067723693 | which jesuit led the first christian mission to japan | francis xavier | 67 | |
| 6067727797 | what caused japan's period of isolation | shoguns resented european meddling | 68 | |
| 6067760433 | who explored present day florida//southeast US in an attempt to find a water route across the new world (1513) | Juan Ponce de Leon | 69 | |
| 6067765543 | what native american legend did juan ponce de leon get distracted by | the fountain of youth | 70 | |
| 6067771494 | who crossed the isthmus of panama and discovered/named the pacific ocean (1513) | Vasco Nunez de Balboa | 71 | |
| 6067809523 | who landed on the present day coast of mexico (1519) | hernando cortez | 72 | |
| 6067825396 | who was the aztec ruler than bestowed gifts upon the conquistadors | Montezuma II | 73 | |
| 6067832204 | what advantages did the spanish conquistadors have over the aztecs | --spanish had guns/cannons while aztecs only had arrows/spears --spanish were assisted by neighboring tribes that also hated the aztecs lmao --spanish brought disease (mumps/smallpox/typhus/measles) to the aztecs that they weren't immune to | 74 | |
| 6067870611 | who defeated the incan tribe | francisco pizarro | 75 | |
| 6067879469 | who was the incan ruler that was captured and later killed by the spanish | atahualpa | 76 | |
| 6067885891 | what was the incan capital conquered by the spanish | cuzco | 77 | |
| 6067936167 | who discovered the mississippi river and explored parts of southwestern US (1539-1542) | Hernando DeSoto | 78 | |
| 6067979116 | who explored southwestern US in search of the Seven Cities of Cibola and found the great canyon instead (1540-1542) | francisco coronado | 79 | |
| 6068008013 | what city was built in southwestern US | santa fe (holy faith) | 80 | |
| 6068011050 | what were spanish settlers called | peninsulars | 81 | |
| 6068016490 | what were mestizos | people of mixed native/spanish descent | 82 | |
| 6068022020 | what was the encomienda | a forced labor system by the spanish that made native americans farm/ranch/mine | 83 | |
| 6068031194 | which catholic priest disagreed with the use of native americans as slaves | bartolome de las casas | 84 | |
| 6068037045 | which portuguese explorer gave portugal a claim to brazil | pedro cabral | 85 | |
| 6068091093 | what was the northwest passage | an all water route across america | 86 | |
| 6068101128 | who was sent by king henry VII of england to search for the northwest passage (1947) | john cabot | 87 | |
| 6068115585 | where did cabot land in the new world that gave the english a claim | newfoundland, canada | 88 | |
| 6068136174 | who sailed to the new world in the name of king francis I of france | giovanni verrazzano | 89 | |
| 6068143410 | which frenchman sailed up the st lawrence river// found Mont Royal | Jacques cartier | 90 | |
| 6068154597 | what name did mont royal later acquire | Montreal | 91 | |
| 6068158120 | who explored the great lakes//the upper mississippi river | jacques marquette//louis joliet | 92 | |
| 6068165194 | what was the first permanent english settlement in the new world | jamestown | 93 | |
| 6068167750 | where did the pilgrims settle | plymouth, massachusetts | 94 | |
| 6068172459 | which group came to american searching for religious freedom | the puritans | 95 | |
| 6068235853 | what was the difference between the english/french agendas in the new worldz | english wanted to settle, french just wanted to trade | 96 | |
| 6068246254 | what was the french and indian war (seven years war) | fought between french/indians and english, english won and lay claim to most of north america | 97 | |
| 6068272302 | what caused millions of native americans to die from coming into contact with europeans | --warfare --worked to death in harsh conditions --disease | 98 | |
| 6068282807 | what were the effects of islam being spread to africa | --increase in slavery --first introduced europeans to african slavery | 99 | |
| 6068294049 | what were the advantages of using africans as slaves rather than native americans | --africans had immunities to european diseases --had experience in agriculture/working in harsh conditions --africans were unfamiliar with the new world, so would be less likely to escape | 100 | |
| 6068317126 | how many africans were brought to the new world by 1870 | 9.5 million | 101 | |
| 6068324308 | until its outlaw in 1807, who was the leading carrier of enslaved africans | england | 102 | |
| 6068330139 | what was the triangular trade | --Europeans would transport manufactured goods to the west coast of Africa to trade for slaves --slaves were transported across Atlantic ocean to west indies, sold for molasses//sugar --molasses/sugar sold to rum producers in new England --rum shipped back over northern Atlantic to Europe | 103 | |
| 6068373046 | what was the middle passage | the voyage that brought africans to the new world | 104 | |
| 6068390689 | how many africans died in the middle passage | 20% | 105 | |
| 6068396529 | what were the consequences of the african slave trade | --african villages lost their best men and women to the slave trade --families were torn apart --guns were introduced to africa, spreading war/conflict | 106 | |
| 6068414630 | what was the columbian exchange | the global exchange of plants/animals | 107 | |
| 6068436975 | what foods were transported over the columbian exchange | --tomatoes --squash --pineapples --peanuts --pumpkins --quinine --tobacco --corn --cacoa beans --potatoes --onions --olives --peaches --grapes --wheat --rice --bananas --black-eyed-peas --yams | 108 | |
| 6068533152 | what two foods helped to increase the population size | corn and potatoes | 109 | |
| 6068757331 | what animals were transported over the columbian exchange | --horses --cattle --sheep --pigs --honeybees | 110 | |
| 6068769181 | what is the commercial revolution | a new wave of businesses and trade practices in europe that greatly increased the wealth of european nations | 111 | |
| 6068777737 | what is capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profits | 112 | |
| 6068789424 | what were join-stock companies | where a number of people pool their wealth for a common purpose like financing a trade expedition | 113 | |
| 6068796048 | what was mercantilism | a theory that a country's power depended mainly on its wealth | 114 | |
| 6068800344 | how did countries acquire wealth | it needed to sell more goods than it bought--to do this, nations needed colonies to provide raw materials | 115 | |
| 6068811980 | what was the ultimate goal in mercantilism | to become self sufficient so that a nation would not have to depend on other nations for goods | 116 |
