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| 3635699041 | The Greek city-states were built on a(n) ___. | Acropolis; the base of a hill | 0 | |
| 3635699042 | If people were attacked in a Greek city-state, where would they go? | The acropolis | 1 | |
| 3635699043 | In the heart of each Greek city-state, there was a marketplace called a(n) ____. | Agora | 2 | |
| 3635699044 | The people in a Greek city-state were referred to as the ___. | Polis | 3 | |
| 3635699045 | Most Greek city-states were ruled by ____. | Kings | 4 | |
| 3635699046 | The polis has a hierarchy. What were the three levels? | 1. Native-born men 2. Women and children 3. Foreigners and slaves | 5 | |
| 3635699047 | The soldiers who protected the Greek city-states were known as ____. | Hoplites | 6 | |
| 3635734011 | T/F: Hoplites were full-time soldiers who devoted their life to war. | F; The hoplites held regular jobs, but when attack strike, they would grab their weapons and he'd to the hilltop. | 7 | |
| 3635742555 | The hoplites stood in a tight military formation called a ___. | Phalanx | 8 | |
| 3635750895 | The hoplites used the ____(main) and ____ as weapons. | 9' spear(main) and large bronze shield | 9 | |
| 3635766324 | The king in Greek city-states would let the ___ take charge for a temporary time of crisis, and in this crisis he would have total power. | Tyrant | 10 | |
| 3635773176 | Who was considered the best qualified rule in a case of emergency? | The tyrant | 11 | |
| 3635779179 | T/F: Each Greek city-state acted as an independent nation. | T; The Ancient Greeks were not a unified people. | 12 | |
| 3635800476 | Many Greek city-states began to replace their kings with another type of rule called a(n) ___. | Oligarchy | 13 | |
| 3635810546 | A system that uses 5 respected members of the city to act as leaders and vote on important issues is known as a(n) ___. | Oligarchy | 14 | |
| 3635816354 | ____ was the most economically powerful Greek city-state. | Athens | 15 | |
| 3635819328 | The tyrants in Athens allowed the citizens to have ___. | Greater rights | 16 | |
| 3635823175 | The first ever "cultural explosion" occurred in which Greek city-state? | Athens | 17 | |
| 3635825283 | One of the first great Athenian tyrants was ____. | Solon | 18 | |
| 3635835175 | The Athenian tyrant, Cleisthenes, created a(n) ____ that allows ____. | He created an assembly that allowed free male citizens which gave them the power to vote. | 19 | |
| 3635898049 | When Cleisthenes stepped down from power, the first step towards ___ began. | Democracy | 20 | |
| 3635923207 | Which Greek city-state prided themselves in having more freedom than the others? | Athens | 21 | |
| 3635934731 | The most famous Athenian philosopher was ____. | Socrates | 22 | |
| 3635949771 | Socrates taught his students in every subject and argued about ____. | Politicians | 23 | |
| 3635977137 | The city-state of ____ was ruled as an oligarchy, along with Athens. | Sparta | 24 | |
| 3635981351 | The last surviving Myceneans in Greece were the ____. | Spartans | 25 | |
| 3635987290 | The Spartan society was built as a (peaceful/warrior) culture. | warrior | 26 | |
| 3635990678 | In Sparta, huge amounts of slaves called ____ were needed. They were abused and often tried to rebel. | Helots | 27 | |
| 3636016774 | When was the only time Greek city-states worked together? | When they were attacked by foreign invaders. | 28 | |
| 3636033551 | When the Persian Empire invaded Greece and were attacked by Athenian hoplites at Marathon, who the person in which the Persians were under the rule of? | Darius | 29 | |
| 3636044220 | The Battle of _____ was a huge Athenian success and is recognized as one of the greatest surprise victories in history. | Marathon | 30 | |
| 3636049703 | Darius' son, ___, came back to Greece to avenge his father. | Xerxes | 31 | |
| 3636067526 | The pass of ____ allowed the Persians under Xerxes rule to attack any city state he desired. This pass led from the coast to the plains of Greece | Thermopylae | 32 | |
| 3636076562 | A traitor shoed the Persians a secret route to move behind the pass of Thermopylae and because of that, ___. | All of the Spartans were killed. | 33 | |
| 3636084676 | After Xerxes had crossed Thermopylae, he planned to travel to ____. | Athens | 34 | |
| 3636101408 | Because of Spartans, the Athenians fled to ____ to better defend themselves. | Salamis | 35 | |
| 3636119806 | What happened when Persian ships were sent to Salamis? | They were sunk by the Athenians who used the strait as a bottleneck. | 36 | |
| 3636132625 | After the two Persian attacks, the Athenians created the ___. | Delian League | 37 | |
| 3636138334 | Many Greek city-states joined the Delian League, and in exchange of their protection, they ___. | were charged heavy taxes | 38 | |
| 3636155822 | The taxes from the Delian League went to ___. How did they use this money? | -Athens -They rebuilt Athens into a beautiful city because it had been burnt down by Xerxes. | 39 | |
| 3636165308 | What did the Athenian leader, Pericles, create? | A law that allowed all free men over the age of 18 to meet as an assembly and vote on acts. This applied to lower classes as well. | 40 | |
| 3636182677 | If a person was to be punished under the rule of Pericles, what happened to them? | They were banished from the city of Athens | 41 | |
| 3636196313 | Which two Greek city-states created leagues? | Sparta and Athens | 42 | |
| 3636204960 | Sparta declared war on Athens because the Athenians were weak from what? | The plague. | 43 | |
| 3636215284 | Because every Greek city-state was a member of the Delian League or the Spartan League, every Greek city-state participated in the ____ War. | Peloponnesian | 44 | |
| 3636222311 | The death of who made the Athenians surrender to the Spartans in the Peloponnesian War? | Pericles | 45 | |
| 3636223963 | Because of the Peloponnesian War, both Athens and Sparta were weakened and this allowed new invaders from ___ to conquer all of Greece. | Macedon (King Phillip and his son, Alexander the Great conquered.) | 46 | |
| 3636278890 | ____ was blamed for being critical of the Peloponnesian War. He was later executed due to a vote of the Athenian people. | Socrates | 47 | |
| 3636282321 | Socrates' most famous student was ____. | Plato | 48 | |
| 3636285714 | Plato dedicated much of his career to defending ____. | Socrates | 49 | |
| 3636292963 | What book was written by Plato that described the cons of democracy? | The Republic | 50 | |
| 3636298056 | Plato argued for what kind of ruler? | A benevolent dictator who would set aside his own personal needs for the betterment of people. | 51 | |
| 3636302278 | Plato argued what for women? | The right to be able to receive education. | 52 | |
| 3636306176 | Who was Plato's most famous student? | Aristotle | 53 | |
| 3636310591 | Aristotle was a great philosopher who argued for ___. | Democracy | 54 | |
| 3636318043 | Aristotle student, ___, became a talented ___, but not philosopher. | -Alexander the Great -conquerer | 55 | |
| 3636384405 | Within days of Alexander the Great's death, the ___ Empire fell because it was too big for the government to maintain. | Macedonian | 56 | |
| 3636394201 | Who was the empire given to? | His top three generals although Alexander wanted it to go the strongest. | 57 | |
| 3636402478 | Which of Alexander the Great's generals claimed the Persian Empire? | General Seleucus | 58 | |
| 3636411685 | Greece, Macedonia and Greek ruled cities, were claimed by which of Alexander the Great's generals? | General Antigonous | 59 | |
| 3636418122 | The kings who followed Antigonous who controlled Greece were called ____ until the coming of Rome. | Antigonids | 60 | |
| 3636425925 | Which part of Alexander the Great's was the greatest and who did it to to? | -Egypt -General Ptolemy | 61 | |
| 3636433862 | General Ptolemy of Egypt called himself the new ___. | pharaoh | 62 | |
| 3636439461 | The last direct descendant of Ptolemy who controlled Egypt who rules as a pharaoh was ___. | Cleopatra | 63 | |
| 3636446759 | After the death of Alexander the Great, Hellenic Greek culture mixed with ____ and ____ cultures; this is called the ____ Period. | -Hellenic Greek mixed with Asian and Egyptian cultures -the Hellenistic Period | 64 | |
| 3636455867 | The Hellenistic Period is also referred to as ____. | Hellenism | 65 | |
| 3636489157 | Alexander the Great founded many cities all over the Near East, most of which he named ___. This allowed ____ culture to become embedded within local cultures. | -Alexandria -Greek | 66 | |
| 3636520068 | The blending of Greek culture and local culture improved the overall quality of like for many, but it created tension with the ___. | Hebrews | 67 | |
| 3636531269 | Asian cultures influenced Greek ideals and culture, and the most notable area was ____. | Religion | 68 | |
| 3636533329 | Mystery religions got their name because ___. | Their ceremonies were not held in public. | 69 | |
| 3636536148 | Mithraism worshipped qualities like strength in which animal? | Bulls | 70 | |
| 3636545900 | What other mystery religious cults were popular? | Cults of Isis, Apollo, Dionysus | 71 | |
| 3636555593 | Eratosthenes lived in ___ and proved what? | -Egypt -He proved the earth was round as well as accurately measuring its circumference. | 72 | |
| 3636567167 | A scientist named ____ claimed the sun revolved around the earth. Who was this idea later adopted by? | -Ptolemy (no relation to general who claimed Egypt) -Christians adopted this idea | 73 | |
| 3636576414 | The Ptolemy pharaohs built what? | The Library of Alexandria | 74 | |
| 3636579988 | The "books" in the library of Alexandria were written on ___. | papyrus rolls | 75 | |
| 3636588465 | Brilliant thinkers would meet in the Library of Alexandria in attempts to solve critical world problems. What was this place called? | The Museum | 76 | |
| 3636607221 | In the Hellenistic world, trade was very important. Protection was provided to caravans as they travelled amongst the massive empire to avoid ___. | Warfare | 77 | |
| 3636610283 | What made trade amongst the Hellenistic Empire simpler? | A money system based on weight of the coin and its quality. | 78 | |
| 3636620430 | The mathematician ____ created geometry and explained it in his book, ___. | -Euclid -The Elements | 79 | |
| 3636624743 | Where did Archimedes of Syracuse live? | Sicily | 80 | |
| 3636626345 | What did Archimedes or Syracuse discover? | Pi | 81 | |
| 3636628430 | What did Archimedes of Syracuse invent? | War machines such as a giant catapult | 82 | |
| 3636641939 | Archimedes once ran nude in the streets screaming "____" from the bath house because he has discovered the answer to his problem. | Eureka | 83 | |
| 3636651712 | Biology and anatomy were studied in Hellenistic Egypt by using ___. | Cadavers from deceased prisoners | 84 | |
| 3636668883 | When the Muslim Arabs invaded Egypt, ____ was burnt to the ground and because of this, much of this knowledge was lost. | Library of Alexandria | 85 | |
| 3636673134 | Zeno taught a philosophy called ___. | Stoicism | 86 | |
| 3636678187 | Stoicism claims that a person must use ___ to live. | Logic | 87 | |
| 3636680659 | Stoics display little emotion because ___. | Emotion is for animals, not humans. | 88 | |
| 3636689016 | In stoicism, along with the lack of emotion, duty and responsibility to ones ___ is important | Family | 89 | |
| 3636693137 | Epicurus was the philosopher who created ____. | Epicureanism | 90 | |
| 3636703897 | The philosophy of Epicureanism encompasses the belief that ____ is important in moderation. One must control themselves in order to maintain balance. | Pleasure | 91 | |
| 3636711443 | The scientist Democritus coined the name ____. He wasn't able to prove it because they were too small for the human eye to see. | Atoms | 92 | |
| 3636714387 | Hellenistic art portrayed people in a state of ____. Examples of Hellenistic art include ____. | -Action -Nike and Venus de Milo | 93 | |
| 3636721028 | In the Hellenistic world, _____ and ____ were superior to conflict. | Peace and trade | 94 | |
| 3636729570 | Hellenism was mainly on the (Western/Eastern) side of the Mediterranean because ____ was forming a society based on warfare on the opposite side. | -Eastern -Rome | 95 | |
| 3636742503 | _____ defeated what was left of the Chin (Qin) Dynasty and established the ____ Dynasty. | -Liu Pang -Han Dynasty | 96 | |
| 3636752073 | The Han Dynasty was named after the ____. | Han River | 97 | |
| 3636755831 | The Han river was a tributary of what river? | Yangtze | 98 | |
| 3636758610 | The Han Dynasty's capital was ___. | Chang-an | 99 | |
| 3636788972 | The Han corresponded to what period(s) in Rome? | Late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire | 100 | |
| 3636801974 | Chin Shi Huang Di used which tactic that the Han did not? Did the Qin or Han Dynasty succeed more because of this? | -force and terror -The Hans were succeeded because they were tactful and gradual when dealing with other people. | 101 | |
| 3636812016 | Because the Han Dynasty was very popular, _____ people continue to refer to themselves as "Han." | Ethnic Chinese | 102 | |
| 3636817844 | Lui Bang lessened demands for taxes and removed which system that was used by the Chin? | Forced Labor System | 103 | |
| 3636824506 | The ban on what was lifted during the Han Dynasty which sparked a revival of intellectual life? | Confucianism and religious literature, such as Confucian classics. | 104 | |
| 3636831421 | What gave the Han Empire a solid foundation in philosophy and wisdom? | Confucian scholars | 105 | |
| 3636840628 | An educated government was needed to maintain such a vast empire, so officials called ___ were given power. | Bureaucrats / Mandarins | 106 | |
| 3636844427 | How were the bureaucrats / mandarins chosen? | The Civil Service Exam | 107 | |
| 3636849675 | The Civil Service Exam lasted for a(n) ____ and was based on ____. | -a week -Confucian classics | 108 | |
| 3636856368 | The only people who could afford an education were the ____. | Landowner class | 109 | |
| 3636892899 | The Chinese society was divided into two groups of people: _____ and _____. | Peasants and Aristocrats(Bureaucrats) | 110 | |
| 3636902211 | The greatest problem Wu Di (______) faced was the invasion of the ____. | -Martial Emperor -Huns | 111 | |
| 3636922007 | Wu Di needed large armies, so he ____. | Raised peasant taxes | 112 | |
| 3636932829 | Why did Wu Di not raise the wealthy landowner's taxes? | He feared that they would organize a revolt against him. | 113 | |
| 3636940529 | Why was there a shortage of harvest in Han China? | The amount of labor and military service of peasants increased. | 114 | |
| 3636959025 | Wu Di expanded the ___ as a way to the raids of the Hun calvary just as Chin Shi Huang Di did. | Great Wall of China | 115 | |
| 3636979520 | Silk trade travelled through which desert? What was this trade route called? | -Takla Maklan Desert -Silk Road | 116 | |
| 3636986820 | Pax Sinica translates to what? | Peace in China | 117 | |
| 3636988676 | Pax Sinica was contemporary to what in Rome? | Pax Romana | 118 | |
| 3636993174 | As military costs increased, so did ____. | Taxes | 119 | |
| 3636997742 | The government has to rely more on who to control the population? How was peasant life affected? | -Military commanders and great landowners -Peasant life grew worse. | 120 | |
| 3637008767 | After Wu Di, there was a pattern between his successors; what did they all have in common? | They were all mediocre. | 121 | |
| 3637020921 | Peasants were forced to become ____ on the land that they had once owned. Who used this to their advantage? | -tenants/serfs -rich officials and wealthy landowners | 122 | |
| 3637029737 | Peasants fell behind in their rent to their old property and were forced to do what? | Sell themselves or their children into slavery. | 123 | |
| 3637034143 | Which of the Han rulers established a university? | Wu Di | 124 | |
| 3637039101 | Han scholars viewed who as the ideal wise man? | Confucius | 125 | |
| 3637044097 | The official philosophy of the Han Dynasty was what? | Confucianism | 126 | |
| 3637051120 | What were four inventions invented in the Han Dynasty? | seismograph, paper, wheelbarrow, telescopic device | 127 | |
| 3637056835 | The seismograph was capable of doing what? | Indicating earthquakes several hundred miles away. | 128 | |
| 3637066381 | Paper was made of what originally? | Cloth rags | 129 | |
| 3637074690 | The second edition of paper was made of what? | Bamboo strips | 130 | |
| 3637078983 | The primitive telescopic device determined what? | The length of the calendar year. | 131 | |
| 3637114948 | African, Arabic, Persian, and Arabic merchants all began to arrive on the coast of Africa in each of ___, ___ and ___. | Ivory, gold and slaves | 132 | |
| 3637124897 | As the coastal villages along the coast of Africa, the cities became very ___. | Wealthy | 133 | |
| 3637131858 | To simplify trade along the East African coast? | A language called Swahili. | 134 | |
| 3637134778 | Swahili is a combination of what two languages? | Arabic and Bantu | 135 | |
| 3637144846 | Persian traders travelled down to East Africa into what is called ____. | The Horn of Africa. | 136 | |
| 3637165104 | What did Persians bring to the Horn of Africa? | Fine woven rugs and products made of gold and silver. | 137 | |
| 3637171038 | What travelled to Persia from the Horn of Africa? | Ivory and animal skins. | 138 | |
| 3637176523 | What did Arab traders bring to the Horn of Africa? | Jewels and goods from Europe and Central Asia along with cotton cloth from India. | 139 | |
| 3637184612 | What did the Arabs trade for to bring to Arabia? | Ivory, gold, animal skins and rhino horns. | 140 | |
| 3637200801 | More than 35 East African trade cities dotted the East African coast from ____ to ____. | Mogadishu to Kilwa | 141 | |
| 3637248801 | Weavers in Mogadishu and Sofala made ____. | Cloth | 142 | |
| 3637251885 | Workers in Mombasa and Malindi made ___. | High quality iron tools | 143 | |
| 3637261344 | What famous Arab traveler visited Kilwa and admired the way the rulers and merchants lived? | Ibn Battuta | 144 | |
| 3637264312 | What made Kilwa so rich? | It was far enough south that a ship from Asia could sail in one monsoon season, but closer to the gold fields of South Africa than any other trade city. | 145 | |
| 3637279515 | Which trade city in the Horn of Africa controlled all of the gold trade from Southern to Eastern Africa? | Kilwa | 146 | |
| 3637283256 | Which was the most powerful and wealthy of the East African city-states? | Kilwa | 147 | |
| 3637311608 | Arab and Persian traders ____ to East African coastal cities. | Islam | 148 | |
| 3637316954 | Each African city ruler was usually ____. (religion) | Muslim | 149 | |
| 3637330056 | For trade in the Indian Ocean, ___ was the accepted religion for merchants, just as ___ was for European merchants. | -Islam : Africa -Christianity : Europe | 150 | |
| 3637350926 | What was the dominant religion of the inner regions of Africa? | Animist or Polytheistic | 151 | |
| 3637353365 | Where did most of the demand come in Africa? | The inner regions of Africa | 152 | |
| 3637782250 | Winter monsoon winds travelled ___ to ___. | North to South | 153 | |
| 3637776471 | Summer monsoon winds travelled ___ to ___. | South to North | 154 | |
| 3637360127 | Why did Arab traders travel along the coast of African trade cities? | In hope of kidnapping Africans to send to Persia and Arabia. | 155 | |
| 3637367017 | What did the African slaves act as in India? | Soldiers | 156 | |
| 3637369550 | What did the African slaves act as in China? | Household servants | 157 | |
| 3637377471 | Arab traders who captured African slaves averaged at around ____/year. | 1,000 | 158 | |
| 3637381780 | Which nation established Great Zimbabwe? | Shona | 159 | |
| 3637385212 | Great Zimbabwe was a great land for ____. | Farming and ranching | 160 | |
| 3637390079 | Great Zimbabwe was a midpoint between ____ and the East African coast. | gold mines | 161 | |
| 3637399739 | The South African gold mines were deep in the African interior so it was important that ___ was provided for gold merchants who travelled from the coast to Kilwa. | protection | 162 | |
| 3637406339 | What was a source of income for Great Zimbabwe? | The protection of traders as they travelled from South African gold mines to Kilwa. | 163 | |
| 3637417867 | What was the economic and political center of the East African Empire? | Great Zimbabwe | 164 | |
| 3637426995 | Why was Great Zimbabwe suddenly abandoned? | The gold fields were depleted and over population had caused the grasslands to be damaged by cattle grazing. Also, overfarmimg had depleted the soil of its nutrients. | 165 | |
| 3637451986 | Why did East Africa stop flourishing? | Asia began to sell spices. | 166 | |
| 3637462822 | The Mughals were Muslim and invaded ___ with the aid of the leader Babar. | India | 167 | |
| 3637467867 | What was the key to success for the Mughals? | gunpowder and cannon | 168 | |
| 3637478633 | The Mughals used ___ to defeat Indian states. | cannons | 169 | |
| 3637485187 | Babar took advantage of what to conquer the Indians? | India's lack of unity. | 170 | |
| 3637512346 | Babar's grandson, ___, made the Mughal Empire even larger, | Akbar | 171 | |
| 3637516805 | Akbar was a Muslim, however, he tolerated other religions such as ___ and ___. This is evident because many of his closest advisors were members of these religions. | Hinduism and Buddhism | 172 | |
| 3637522698 | What ceased during Akbar's rule? | Warfare | 173 | |
| 3637526449 | What allowed trade to increase and improve the economy? | Peace of Akbar | 174 | |
| 3637528493 | Akbar's tax collectors were called ___. | Zamindurs | 175 | |
| 3637542186 | The zamindurs in the Mughal Empire acted as ____ as well at tax collectors. | local govenors | 176 | |
| 3637551865 | Which Mughal ruler(s) believed that local authorities solved problems more proficiently than a ruler that was far away? | Akbar | 177 | |
| 3637555467 | After Akbar's death, how did the Mughal Empire change drastically? | It became very intolerant of religion. Hinduism and Buddhism was not accepted. | 178 | |
| 3637560519 | Which Mughal ruler(s) killed his bothers? | Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb | 179 | |
| 3637563780 | Which Mughal ruler(s) raised taxes to support his love of luxury? | Shah Jahan | 180 | |
| 3637567586 | The Taj Mahal was built by ___ and he did so to honor his ___. | -Shah Jahan -his wife | 181 | |
| 3637571363 | Shah Jahan made no attempts to improve what? | roads and irrigation | 182 | |
| 3637574715 | What led to Shah Jahan's downfall? | The cost of building the Taj Mahal as a shrine for his wife. | 183 | |
| 3637578131 | Who was Shah Jahan overthrown by? | His son, Aurangzeb. | 184 | |
| 3637587319 | Which ruler(s) did not believe in freedom of religion? | Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb | 185 | |
| 3637594971 | ___ stopped the building of Hindu temples and tore down many older ones and built ___ on top of them. | -Aurangzeb -Islamic mosques | 186 | |
| 3637602141 | What led to the decline of the Mughal Empire? | Rebellions broke out all over India and Persians saw this as an opportunity to invade. | 187 | |
| 3637607653 | When the Persians invaded the Mughal Empire, what did they do? | They burnt down New Delhi. | 188 | |
| 3637612432 | When the Persians left the Mughal Empire, they were much less powerful, but returned to power in ____. | Northern India | 189 | |
| 3637629972 | Although the Mughals were warlike people, they were patrons of what? | The arts | 190 | |
| 3637636631 | The Mughals commissioned poets, painters and musicians just like ____ did. (contemporarily) | Northern Italy | 191 | |
| 3637644697 | The most famous medium of writing in the Mughal Empire was ___. | Poetry | 192 | |
| 3637651960 | Many remarkable works of literature were composed during the reign of which Mughal ruler(s)? | Akbar and Shah Jahan | 193 | |
| 3637656182 | Mughal Emperors encouraged literary contributions by doing what? | Commissioning writers to produce fictional stories of India's past. | 194 | |
| 3637664732 | The Mughals were distantly connected to which conquerers? | Genghis Khan and Tamurlane. | 195 | |
| 3637671621 | The Mughals were a group of Central ____ people located in Afghanistan. | Asian | 196 | |
| 3637724905 | Renaissance means ___. | Rebirth | 197 | |
| 3637726932 | Where did the Renaissance begin? | Northern Italy | 198 | |
| 3637732285 | Why did Northern Europe lag behind in the Renaissance? | France and England were locked up in a 114 war called the Hundred Years' War. | 199 | |
| 3637765472 | What were three advantages that Italy had in fostering the Renaissance? | 1) Thriving city-states 2) Wealthy merchant class 3) classical heritage of Greece and Rome | 200 | |
| 3637773540 | What led to the growth of large city states in Northern Italy? | Overseas trade | 201 | |
| 3637796345 | Northern Italy was ___ during the Renaissance while the rest of Europe was primarily ___. | Northern Italy: urban Rest of Europe: rural | 202 | |
| 3637803712 | Due to the fact cities are often places where people exchange new ideas, what did this spark in Northern Italy? | An intellectual revolution | 203 | |
| 3637808472 | The ____ killed 60% of the urban cities in Northern Italy. | plague | 204 | |
| 3637814660 | Because of the plague in Northern Italy, there were fewer laborers, so the survivors demanded ___. | higher wages | 205 | |
| 3637821746 | Wealthy merchants in Northern Italy began to pursue other interests besides business expansion like ___. | Art | 206 | |
| 3637843192 | Many Italian city-states had their ran their own affairs and each collected taxes and had their own ___. | Army | 207 | |
| 3637868547 | What was the wealthiest, most powerful class in Northern Italy? | Merchant | 208 | |
| 3637875427 | Merchants differed from nobles in what way? | Merchants did not inherit social rank like nobles did. | 209 | |
| 3637881645 | Florence became under the rule of one family, the ___. | Medici | 210 | |
| 3637884770 | How did the Medici earn their wealth? | In trade and banking | 211 | |
| 3637892284 | Which member of the Medici family was the wealthiest European of his time? | Cosimo de' Medici | 212 | |
| 3637903545 | How did Cosimo de' Medici influence members of the ruling council? | Giving them loans | 213 | |
| 3637907369 | Who was virtually a dictator for virtually 30 years in Florence? | Cosimo de' Medici | 214 | |
| 3637912545 | Who was Cosimo de' Medici's grandson? | Lorenzo the Magnificent | 215 | |
| 3637925920 | Why did Renaissance scholars look down on the art and literature of the Middle Ages? | They wanted to return to the learning of the Greeks and Romans. | 216 | |
| 3637934933 | The Renaissance began in Italy because scholars were inspired from the ___. | ruins of Rome | 217 | |
| 3637937387 | Where were Ancient Latin manuscripts located? | Monasteries | 218 | |
| 3637940913 | Greek manuscripts were though to be lost forever when ___. | Byzantine scholars fled to Rome with Ancient Greek manuscripts after Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Turks. | 219 | |
| 3637952581 | As scholars of the Renaissance studied the ___, they were influenced by classical ideas which gave them a new outlook on life. | Ancient Greek manuscripts | 220 | |
| 3637957620 | What led to humanism during the Renaissance? | The study of classical texts. | 221 | |
| 3637959542 | What is humanism? | A focus on human achievement and intelligence. | 222 | |
| 3637972490 | Humanists tried to understand Ancient Greek values rather than trying to agree with ____. | Christian teaching | 223 | |
| 3637976762 | How did humanists influence artists? | By trying to carry on classical traditions. | 224 | |
| 3637980318 | Which subjects were called the humanities? | history, literature, philosophy | 225 | |
| 3637984909 | Who imitated the merchants of Florence by spending great amounts of money for art in Rome? These people became patrons of arts in Rome. | popes | 226 | |
| 3637992120 | The patrons of art in Italy were ___. | Renaissance merchants | 227 | |
| 3637997550 | Wealthy families commissioned artists by having their work displayed in ___. | A public place such as a church where it could be publicly displayed. | 228 | |
| 3638074048 | Although genius is rare, all people were expected to create ___ during the Renaissance. | art | 229 | |
| 3638083050 | A man who excelled in many fields was called a ___. | Renaissance man; universal man | 230 | |
| 3638088969 | The Courtier by Baldgssare Castiglione taught people how to become a ____. | Renaissance man | 231 | |
| 3638093958 | The Courtier by Baldgssare Castiglione said that a person should be witty, well-educated in the classics, and do things like dance, sing, write poetry, be skilled in riding and fighting, but above all, one must have __. | Self-control | 232 | |
| 3638110449 | Many of talented artists lived in Italy, and as the Renaissance advanced, ___. | art style changed | 233 | |
| 3638116967 | Which painter clarified the human body? | Michelangelo | 234 | |
| 3638122086 | Painters began to paint prominent citizens during the Renaissance and focussed of on detail. This is known as ___ style. | Realistic style | 235 | |
| 3638126632 | Which painter, sculptor, inventor and scientist was considered a true Renaissance man? | Leonardo di Vinci | 236 | |
| 3638130903 | Which Renaissance many examined the way muscles moved and the way that veins were arranged in a leaf? | Leonardo di Vinci | 237 | |
| 3638135678 | What were two of Leonardo di Vinci's most famous paintings? | The Last Supper and Mona Lisa | 238 | |
| 3638141459 | How was Dante unique in his writing? | He wrote in his vernacular language instead of Latin. | 239 | |
| 3638143239 | What was Dante's vernacular? | Italian | 240 | |
| 3638148861 | Renaissance writers wrote for self-expression or to portray ___. | the individuality of their subjects | 241 | |
| 3638151780 | Who was one of the earliest and most influential humanists? | Francesco Petrarch | 242 | |
| 3638155244 | Francesco Petrarch wrote in what language(s)? | Both Italian and Latin. | 243 | |
| 3638159697 | When Francesco Petrarch wrote in Latin, what did he write? | Many letters to his friends | 244 | |
| 3638165083 | When Francesco Petrarch wrote in Italian, what did he write? | 14-line poems called sonnets about a woman named Laura | 245 | |
| 3638168080 | Who wrote The Prince? | Niccolo Machiavelli | 246 | |
| 3638168941 | The Prince examines what? | The conduct of human beings | 247 | |
| 3638343257 | The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli encompasses the idea that people are ___. | Fickle, selfish and corrupt | 248 | |
| 3638346778 | How was The Prince my Niccolo Machiavelli viewed amongst political figures? | Because Machiavelli revealed much more than princes and kings wanted the people to know, they banned it off an on for centuries.. | 249 | |
| 3638352122 | Who said, "It is better to be feared than loved." ? | Niccolo Machiavelli | 250 | |
| 3638355154 | Which three artists showed true Renaissance spirit? | Leonardo di Vinci, Raphael and Michelangelo | 251 | |
| 3638360824 | After the plague, what allowed Europe to recover? | The Renaissance | 252 | |
| 3638365542 | Urban merchants began to commission artists in Northern Europe. Where did this first happen? | Flanders | 253 | |
| 3638366418 | Why was Flanders rich? | Long-distance take to the cloth industry | 254 | |
| 3638369614 | How did Italy differ from counties like England and France? | Italy was separated by city-states, whereas England and France were unified nations. | 255 | |
| 3638377378 | As the Renaissance spread out of Northern Italy, how did humanism change? | Humanists were more interested in religious ideas rather than secular ones that were popular in Italy. Basically, Northern Europe had a Renaissance of their own. | 256 | |
| 3638384156 | Who created the moveable type? | Bi Sheng | 257 | |
| 3638390909 | What Chinese invention helped spread ideas throughout Europe? | The moveable type | 258 | |
| 3638395757 | Since the Chinese type contained thousands of different characters, it was thought to be ____. | impractical | 259 | |
| 3638398130 | Who improved the moveable type? | Johann Gutenberg | 260 | |
| 3638400063 | Where was Johan Gutenberg from? | Mainz, Germany | 261 | |
| 3638403263 | What was the new and improved moveable type called? It was created by Johann Gutenberg. | The printing press | 262 | |
| 3638407844 | What was the first full-sized book printed with the printing press? | The Gutenberg Bible | 263 | |
| 3638411069 | Why were books cheap during the Renaissance? | The printing press allowed hundreds of copies of books that looked exactly alike to be printed. | 264 | |
| 3638417796 | The printing press caused a rise in ____. | Literacy | 265 | |
| 3638422306 | What happened when the Bible was written in vernacular? | People began to interpret it for themselves and become more critical of priests. | 266 | |
| 3638425771 | What did the printing of the bible in vernacular lead to? | The Religious Reform | 267 | |
| 3641199691 | Donatello was famous for what? | The statue of David. | 268 |
