Terms : Hide Images
| 2819609280 | Homo sapiens sapiens | Humanoid species that emerged most successful in end of Paleolithic period | 0 | |
| 2819609281 | Paleolithic Age | Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E: typified by us of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence | 1 | |
| 2819609282 | Neolithic Age | New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period where adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of animals and plants accomplished | 2 | |
| 2819609283 | Hunting and Gathering | Original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries | 3 | |
| 2819609284 | Catal Hüyük | Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social satisfaction | 4 | |
| 2819609285 | Bronze Age | From about 4,000 B.C.E., when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 B.C.E, when iron began to replace it | 5 | |
| 2819609286 | Nomads | Cattle-and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies | 6 | |
| 2819609287 | Neolithic revolution | The succession of the technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 B.C.E. | 7 | |
| 2819609288 | Civilization | Societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of no farming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups | 8 | |
| 2819609289 | Mesopotamia | Literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys | 9 | |
| 2819609290 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 B.C.E; created first civilization within region; organized area into city states | 10 | |
| 2819609291 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | 11 | |
| 2819609292 | Ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes | 12 | |
| 2819609293 | City-State | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king | 13 | |
| 2819609294 | Babylonians | Unified all of Mesopotamia c.1800 B.C.E; empire collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 B.C.E | 14 | |
| 2819609295 | Hammurabi | (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E) The most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law | 15 | |
| 2819609296 | Pharaoh | Title of Kings of ancient Egypt | 16 | |
| 2819609297 | Pyramids | Monumental architecture typical of old kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs | 17 | |
| 2819609298 | Kush | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 B.C.E; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 18 | |
| 2819609299 | Indus River | River sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization | 19 | |
| 2819609300 | Harappa | Along with Mohenjodaro; major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern | 20 | |
| 2819609301 | Aryans | Indo-Europeans nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society | 21 | |
| 2819609302 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century B.C.E. | 22 | |
| 2819609303 | Mahabharata | Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries B.C.E.; previously handed down in oral form | 23 | |
| 2819609304 | Ramayana | One of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Roma and his wife, Sita; written 4th to 2nd centuries | 24 | |
| 2819609305 | Upanishads | Later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority | 25 | |
| 2819609306 | Yellow River | Also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China | 26 | |
| 2819609307 | Ideographs | Pictographic character grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 27 | |
| 2819609308 | Shang | First Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished 1600 to 1046 B.C.E. | 28 | |
| 2819609309 | Olmecs | People of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico c.1200 B.C.E; featured irrigated agriculture, urbanism, elaborate religion, beginnings of calendrical and witting systems | 29 | |
| 2819609310 | Chavin de Huantar | Chavin culture appeared in highlands of Andes between 1800 and 1200 B.C.E; typified by ceremonial centers with large stone buildings; greatest ceremonial center was Chavin de Hunatar; characterized by artistic motifs. | 30 | |
| 2819609311 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean | 31 | |
| 2819609312 | Monotheism | The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization | 32 |
