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AP World History Flashcards

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2519822336laissez-faire economicsEuropean economic policy of the 16th - 18th centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available; key to the attainment of wealth was the acquisition of colonies0
2519822337indulgencea document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins1
2519822338scientific revolutionEuropean intellectual movement in the 17th century that established the basis for modern science2
2519822339parliamentary monarchya govt with a king/queen whose power is limited by the power of parliament3
2519822340factoran agent with trade privileges in early Russia4
2519822341taj mahalwhite marble mausoleum built in Agra, India, by the mogul emperor shah Japan for his favorite wife5
2519822342mercantilismeconomic concept that holds that the govt shouldn't interfere with or regulate business and industries6
2519822343creolesa term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents7
2519822344northwest passagepassage through the North America continent that was sought early by explorers to North America as a route to trade with the east8
2519822345enlightenmenta philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that was based on reason and the concept that education and training could improve human society9
2519822346viceroyaltya political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies10
2519822347encomiendaa practice in the Spanish colonies that granted land and the labor of native Americans on that land to European colonists11
2519822348devshirmepractice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as janissaries12
2519822349caravelsmall, easily steerable ship used by the Spanish and Portuguese in their explorations13
2519822350protestant reformationreligious movement began by matin Luther in 1517 that attempted to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; resulted from the formation of new Christian denominations14
2519827441capitalisman economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit making15
2519838510northern renaissanceextension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations of Northern Europe; the northern Renaissance took on a more religious nature than the Italian Renaissance16
2519849808philosophiesFrench enlightenment social thinkers17
2519853278mulattoin Spanish and Portuguese colonies a person of mixed African and European descent18
2519858883divine rightthe belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by god19
2519863023treaty of tordesillasthe 1494 treaty in which the pope divided unexplored territories between Spain and portugal20
2519868881sovereigntyself rule21
2519870083cossacksRussians who conquered and settled Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries22
2519874431boyarsRussian nobility23
2519875157mughal dynastyrulers who controlled most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries24
2519880347absolute monarchyrule by a king/queen who's power is not limited25
2519883113natural lawsprinciples that govern nature26
2519884811manchuspeople from northeastern Asia who founded China's Qing dynasty27
2519894902members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignacio's of Loyola in 153428
2519895367janissariesmembers of the ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken from Christian lands29
2519900205qing dynastymanchurian rule of China beginning in 1644 and lasting until 191430
2519904156peninsularesIn the Spanish colonies, those who were born in europe31
2519907268mestizosin the Spanish colonies, persons of mixed European and native descent32
2519910741repartamientoin the Spanish colonies, a replacement for the encomienda system that limited the number of working hours for laborers and provided fair wages33
2519932721ninety-five thesework by Martin Luther where he laid out his arguments against the Roman Catholic church34
2519937618dutch learningwestern learning embraced by some Japanese in the 18th century35
2519941977estates-generalthe traditional legislative body of france36
2519944985catholic reformationreligious reform movement within the Roman Catholic church that occurred in response to the Protestant reformation. it reaffirmed catholic beliefs and promoted education.37
2519955092reconqistathe recapture of Muslim held lands in Spain by Christian forces; it was completed in 149238
2519959170excommunicationpractice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who do not comply with church teachings or practices39
2519968823middle passagethe portion of the trans-Atlantic trade that involved the passage of africans from Africa to the americas40
2519978509purdahthe Hindu custom of secluding women41
2519985730tokugawa shogunatethe feudal rulers of japan who moved the capital to edo. ruled from 1603 -186842
2519986710commercial revolutionthe expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the 16th and 17th century43
2519993036colombian exchangeexchange of foods, crops, disease and livestock between eastern and western hemispheres after the voyages of columbus44
2520001214triangular tradethe 18th century trade network between Europe, Africa and the Americas45
2520005664heliocentric revolutionthe concept that the sun is in the center46
2520010031deismthe concept of God common to the scientific revolution; the God was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws47
2520015954hagia Sophiathe church in Constantinople that was converted to a mosque after the ottoman conquest48
2520019050glorious revolutionthe bloodless overthrow of English king James and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne49
2520023423predestinationthe belief of protestant reformer John Calvin that God had chosen some people for heaven and others for hell50

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