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| 2407326868 | Paleolithic Era | migration gathering/hunting small trade egalitarian political system | 0 | |
| 2407328785 | neolithic era | nomads raided settlers for food lack of central authority agriculture/animal domestication | 1 | |
| 2407332899 | Mesopotamia | decentralized city-states in middle east polytheistic religion stopping point for traders | 2 | |
| 2407338718 | Ancient Egypt | Nile River centralized gvt ruled by pharaohs mathematics and alphabet | 3 | |
| 2407340804 | Indus River Valley Civilization | centralized urbanization trade/agriculture priests on top | 4 | |
| 2407342567 | Shang Dynasty | geographic isolation centralized elite warrior class aristocratic bureaucracy proto-feudalism | 5 | |
| 2407348741 | Persian Empire | egypt to india absolute monarchy effective administrative systems respect for other cultures encouragement of communication and commerce immense wealth and imperial cities | 6 | |
| 2407352458 | Greeks | hellenistic civilization geography of mountains and valleys: decentralized equality of all citizens; would spread to lower class Athens: most powerful city, open political life, direct representation | 7 | |
| 2407356520 | Greco-Persian War | Persians attacked Ionia; revolt supported by Athens Persians led expeditions against greeks greeks astonishingly defeated persians | 8 | |
| 2407359591 | Peloponnesian War | Sparta led resistance to Athenian imperialism Athens defeated; distrust northern greece takeover | 9 | |
| 2407361399 | Alexander the Great | political unification of greece alexander v. persia; massive greek empire once he died, area was divided into three generals | 10 | |
| 2407363239 | Hellenistic Era | cultural diffusion of greek life cities became culturally diverse | 11 | |
| 2407365284 | Roman Empire | small, unimportant city-states of Italy overthrew monarchy and established republic ruled by 2 consuls with help of senate conquest of rest of world generous treatment of conquered people political crisis: rise of military leaders, decline of republic christianity in rome | 12 | |
| 2407369290 | Qin dynasty | legalism- clear rules/harsh penalty brutal creation of empire | 13 | |
| 2407373930 | reasons for decline of Qin and Roman | excessive size technologically inept decline of urban life population decline reduction of international trade | 14 | |
| 2407375752 | Mauryan Empire | stimulated by persian and greek influence large military/civilian bureaucracy conversion to buddhism and peaceful rule broke up after Ashoka's death | 15 | |
| 2407377721 | Gupta Empire | cultural diversity and invasion indian trade flourished hinduism and buddhism spread | 16 | |
| 2407379306 | China and the Search of Order | mandate of heaven "age of warring states"- feudalism | 17 | |
| 2418725609 | legalism | strict rules, harsh punishment pessimistic view of human nature | 18 | |
| 2418727710 | confucianism | moral example of superiors education filial piety nonreligious | 19 | |
| 2418734550 | Daoism | opposite of confucianism education and improvement was useless must become one with nature | 20 | |
| 2418738037 | Buddhism | life is suffering goal is to find "nirvana" karma/reincarnation | 21 | |
| 2418757363 | Zoroastrianism | single deity judgement day individual must choose good/evil decline due to Islam | 22 | |
| 2418766714 | Classical Greek Culture | polytheistic religions new way of answering questions understanding of human nature rational | 23 | |
| 2418781014 | Society in Classical China | social prestige and power of elites civil service exams Landlord and peasant classes merchants disliked by elites | 24 | |
| 2418788208 | Indian Caste System | based on economic and social differences four groups formed by the god Jatis based on occupation restricted to certain jatis made empire building difficult powerful become more powerful | 25 | |
| 2418803479 | Chinese patriarchy | patriarchal confucianism Han- change; nomads led to less restriction women eventually gained status popularity of daoism | 26 | |
| 2418812101 | Greek Patriarchy | ATHENS: increasing limitations excluded from public life SPARTA: women had greater freedom, as men were always fighting | 27 | |
| 2429005533 | Silk Roads | silk symbolized eurasian exchange system economic and social importance buddhism spread and transformed disease spread | 28 | |
| 2429014816 | Sea Roads | indian ocean India as trading apex economic and political revival of china spread of islam developed africa and SE asia | 29 | |
| 2429021150 | Sand Roads | gold, salt, and slaves the camel sahara quickly became major trade route social complexity and hierarchy Slavery | 30 | |
| 2429028649 | American trade | commerce trade was critical to upholding social and political hierarchies | 31 | |
| 2429032849 | Sui Dynasty | reunified China ruthlessness overthrown, state remained | 32 | |
| 2429036756 | Tang/Song Dynasties | neo-confucianism examination system economic revolution under Song tightening of patriarchal restrictions contact with nomads to the north Tribute System: thought themselves above rest visitors must respect chinese authority; would receive trading benefits | 33 | |
| 2429049713 | Korea | resisted chinese political control political independence acceptance of chinese culture | 34 | |
| 2429051762 | Vietnam | adopted chinese gvt distinct vietnamese culture | 35 | |
| 2429053730 | Japan | borrowing of chinese culture bureaucratic state elements of chinese culture selective borrowing decentralized politics | 36 | |
| 2429059667 | China and Buddhism | entered China through silk roads nomads favored buddhism supported by sui and early tang eventually evoked criticism because "foreign" | 37 | |
| 2429114422 | Islam | Muhammad revelations from allah into Quran 5 pillars of islam attractive following didn't separate church and state wanted to capture trade routes and bring righteous government to the conquered conversion to islam seen as social, provided incentives Sunni- voted v. Shia- blood related | 38 | |
| 2429126366 | Umayyad Dynasty | great time of expansion overthrown by abbasids | 39 | |
| 2429131554 | Islam/Arab Culture | india- spread through invaders, violence with Hindus and Buddhists Anatolia- major destruction, active discrimination of christians West Africa- came peacefully through trade Spain- interaction amongst muslims and christians, converted to islam, loss of religious toleration | 40 | |
| 2435437242 | Spread of Christianity | asia- not much spreading africa- on decline from expanding islam | 41 | |
| 2435451374 | Byzantium | centralized focus was to collect taxes, maintain order, and suppress revolts shrunk because of western europe, crusades, and turkic muslim invaders state was tied to church economic trading apex ended when ottoman took over Constantinople | 42 | |
| 2435461700 | Western Society | series of regional kingdoms/ feudalism church became wealthy population growth and new villages long distance trade sophisticated politically royal courts and bureaucracies established | 43 | |
| 2435470134 | Crusades | series of holy wars to take back jerusalem | 44 | |
| 2435474874 | Mongols | mastery of horseback riding Genghis khan- gain allies and became great leader well led and organized army brutality and destruction china- hardest conquest, began in north, took south during song, unified china, discriminated chinese, eventually rebelled out Persia- ended abbasid, cultural transformation of mongols (bureaucracy) Russia- devastation of russia, decentralization against mongols, integrated into mongol empire, but not inhabited by them | 45 | |
| 2435497474 | Ming Dynasty | badly disrupted by mongol rule confucian learning and civil service exams highly centralized best governed and prosperous maritime voyages | 46 | |
| 2435502556 | Ottoman Empire | huge territory led by caliphs goal was to unify islam Sufi | 47 | |
| 2435507107 | Songhay | west africa islam reserved for elites | 48 | |
| 2435509598 | mughal | turkic invasion of india partnership with hindus and muslims | 49 | |
| 2435512022 | Aztec | nomadic group loosely structured | 50 | |
| 2435514772 | Inca | bureaucratic and centralized attempted cultural integration equal in almost all areas | 51 | |
| 2435519894 | European and Asian Commerce | international trade centers and capitalist economies indian ocean commerce portugal had main control, challenged by spanish East India Companies: organized private companies run by the government Dutch- controlled shipping and production for certain goods; destroyed economy of small islands english- not as sophisticated and financed, peaceful establishment of trade bases Japan- divided into feudal lords, eventually unified and persecuted outsiders | 52 | |
| 2435573223 | Silver and Global Commerce | china's economy had growing demand for silver enriched spanish monarchy, inflation, went into decline after the price of silver dropped japan- used silver revenue to unify and defeat rivals china- silver commercialized economy | 53 | |
| 2435602935 | Fur in Global Commerce | North American fur trade- europeans traded with natives, profitable for natives, beam dependent on european goods russian fur trade- chief incentive for expansion, dependence on russian goods, no competition, forced natives to give them fur | 54 | |
| 2435613191 | Atlantic Slave Trade | most human societies had slaves africans became primary source of slave labor destabilization of African societies | 55 | |
| 2439092606 | Globalization of christianity | eastern orthodox v. roman catholicism Protestant Reformation- martin luther asked for ecclesiastical debate, more deeply grounded in theological difference, provoked massive schism in catholic christendom, religious difference politically dignified europe, attractive to women, provoked catholic counter-reformation, corrected their abuses christianity motivated and benefitted from expansion china- reached china in ming and Qing dynasties, not a big influence | 56 | |
| 2439100881 | Chinese Culture | confucian and hindu cultures didn't spread considerable amount of debate and new thinking | 57 | |
| 2439102128 | Indian Culture | Hindu/Muslim Divide mixed religions | 58 | |
| 2439102880 | Birth of Modern Science | scientific revolution- intellectual and cultural transformation altered ideas about place in humankind, challenged church, challenged hierarchies and political systems europe had private schools attacked established religion, believed knowledge could transform human society | 59 | |
| 2439107925 | French Revolution | middle class v. upper class middle class attempted to modernize tax system, opposed by upper class drew up a declaration, pronounced social conflicts enlightenment ideals violent/radical: the terror effort to create a wholly new society influence of revolution spread through conquest | 60 | |
| 2439111398 | Haitian Revolution | massive slave revolt identified themselves with native inhabitants equality for all races insolence among other slaves, horror among whites | 61 | |
| 2439113082 | Spanish American Revolutions | creoles offended by efforts of spanish monarchy to control them torn by class, race, and regional divisions fear of social rebellion from lower classes impossible to unite spanish colonies | 62 |
