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| 5727494987 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mediterranean Europe *Political* | Ancient Greeks had a decentralized city-state structure Athens first to establish a democracy Imperial Rome has a centralized Empire Caesar Augustus starts Pax Romana | 0 | |
| 5727494988 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mediterranean Europe *Social* | Greek citizens dominate slaves Women status low in Athens, higher in Sparta Alexander the Great spreads culture throughout Hellenistic world Rome continues spread of Western culture Government and laws biggest lasting effects Roman citizens dominate slaves Patrician citizens more important than plebeian citizens | 1 | |
| 5727494989 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mediterranean Europe *Economic* | Greeks dominate trade in Mediterranean first Roman control Mediterranean next Silk roads used by Hellenistic Greece and Rome | 2 | |
| 5727494990 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Political* | Olmec developed in southern Mexico Maya civilization that followed in Yucatan Peninsula Maya had a decentralized city-state structure | 3 | |
| 5727494991 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Social* | Olmec carver huge stone heads Maya polytheistic religion encourages math and astronomy skill Ball games, sacrifice, and calendar follows | 4 | |
| 5727494992 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Economic* | Olmec and Maya regionally trade jade and obsidian | 5 | |
| 5727494993 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa *Political* | Bantu evolved in West Africa around modern day Nigeria | 6 | |
| 5727494994 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa *Social* | Migrated east and south Spread language, culture, and agriculture throughout Sub-Saharan Africa Animism the predominate religion Judaism and Christianity in Ethiopia | 7 | |
| 5727494995 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Political* | Sumerian city states develop in Fertile Crescent (Tigris & Euphrates) Hammurabi's code gives laws that apply to everyone Egypt creates a theocracy in the Nile River valley | 8 | |
| 5727494996 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Social* | Sumerian and Egyptian culture polytheistic Egyptian belief in afterlife led to construction of Pyramids Judaism and Christianity develop in Palestine Christianity develops from Judaism - both monotheistic | 9 | |
| 5727494997 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Economic* | Both cultures trade along their river valleys | 10 | |
| 5727494998 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. East Asia *Political* | Yellow River Valley civilization first in China Zhou Dynasty starts Mandate of Heaven Qin Shihuangdi unifies China and builds Great Wall Han Dynasty Golden Age of Classical China Bureaucracy of Han best in the world | 11 | |
| 5727494999 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. East Asia *Social* | Confucianism develops in chaotic times of late Zhou period Order is restored with responsibility and loyalty Daoism believes in harmony with nature | 12 | |
| 5727495000 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. East Asia *Economic* | Silk and Porcelain production is a closely guarded state secret Silk Roads generate tremendous wealth for China | 13 | |
| 5727495001 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. South Asia *Political* | Indus (Harappan) civilization develops in Pakistan Chandragupta Maurya founds Mauryan Empire around 320 B.C.E. Asoka leads the Mauryan to its height Chandra Gupta founds the Gupta Empire about 320 C.E. | 14 | |
| 5727495002 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. South Asia *Social* | Caste system and Hinduism develop after fall of Indus Adherence to caste rules key to good karma Good karma key to better reincarnation and eventually moksha Buddhism develops from Hinduism in Nepal Siddhartha Gautama wants to end suffering by ending desire | 15 | |
| 5727495003 | 8000 B.C.E. - 600 C.E. South Asia *Economic* | Silk Roads allow India to trade with China and Mediterranean civilizations Spices, Gems, and Cotton make India an economic powerhouse | 16 | |
| 5727495004 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Western Europe *Political* | Fall of Rome leads to the Middle Ages Decentralized system of feudalism develops Church provides political stability in Europe | 17 | |
| 5727495005 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Western Europe *Social* | Strict social structure in Feudalism Life centered around Church and focused on afterlife Learning only found in monasteries Crusades launches to recapture the Holy Land fails Knowledge brought back from Middle East leads to Renaissance | 18 | |
| 5727495006 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Western Europe *Economic* | Cities disappear after collapse of Rome Manor system creates local economic activity only Contact with Arabs during Crusades restarts long distance trade | 19 | |
| 5727495007 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Political* | Maya decline during this time period Aztec develop a large empire in central Mexico Large military used for capturing people of surrounding area for sacrifice Inca control a multicultural empire in the Andes | 20 | |
| 5727495008 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Social* | Warlike gods of Aztec leads to mass sacrifice Inca road system improve communications Knotted roped called Quipu keep Inca records Inca religious city of Machu Picchu shows engineering ability | 21 | |
| 5727495009 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Economic* | Aztecs trade throughout Mexico Inca road system allows easy trading throughout the Andes | 22 | |
| 5727495010 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa *Political* | Swahili City States of East Africa decentralized Sudanic Empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai dominate West Africa Muslim traveler Ibn Battuta says Mali best governed place in the world Great Zimbabwe a powerhouse in the South | 23 | |
| 5727495011 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa *Social* | Islam spreads to East and West Africa Swahili city states convert because of trade with Arabia Sudanic states convert because of trade with North Africa Mansa Musa makes Timbuktu the cultural center of Mali | 24 | |
| 5727495012 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa *Economic* | Swahili trade gold, ivory, and slaves with Middle East Ghana, Mali and then Songhai control Gold Salt trade with North Africa | 25 | |
| 5727495013 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Political* | Islam unifies Middle East Arabs control Middle East under Abbasid Caliphate Turks control Middle East under Ottoman Empire | 26 | |
| 5727495014 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Social* | Muslim Golden Age leads to advances in science and architecture Baghdad and its library center, Cairo still important Muslims tolerate Christians and Jews | 27 | |
| 5727495015 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Economic* | Middle East dominates trade throughout the Indian Ocean controls trade between Europe and Asia Trade brings great wealth to Arab and Ottoman Empires | 28 | |
| 5727495016 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. South Asia *Political* | Muslim Turks conquer Northern India to establish Delhi Sultanate Timerlane burns Delhi to the ground | 29 | |
| 5727495017 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. South Asia *Social* | Hindu caste system still strong amongst majority Delhi Sultanate established Muslim minority rule Muslims look down on Hindu subjects | 30 | |
| 5727495018 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. South Asia *Economic* | India's vast trading goods make it one of the wealthiest regions Gold, gems, spices, cotton India center of Silk Roads and Ocean trade | 31 | |
| 5727495019 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Eastern Europe *Political* | Byzantine Empire replaces fallen Roman Empire in the East Uses diplomacy to stay relevant for another 1000 years Falls in 1453 to Ottoman Turks Muscovy influenced by Byzantine Empire Russia behind west after 200 year isolation from Mongol rule | 32 | |
| 5727495020 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Eastern Europe *Social* | Russia adopts Greek alphabet and religion from Byzantium Moscow claims title of third Rome after fall of Constantinople | 33 | |
| 5727495021 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Eastern Europe *Economic* | Byzantium a major trading power Decreases with growing strength of Arabs and Turks Russia trades more with west by the 1400s | 34 | |
| 5727495022 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. East Asia *Political* | Tang and Song Dynasties best run governments in world Civil service examination creates effective bureaucracy Ming Dynasty replaces Mongol rule of 1200s Heian Period of Japan stable and fairly centralized Decentralization leads to Feudal period of Japan Japanese emperor figure head while shoguns in charge | 35 | |
| 5727495023 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. East Asia *Social* | Scholar officials high status in Tang and Song Buddhism combines with Confucianism to create Neo-Confucianism Status of women low in China and Japan due to Neo-Confucianism Feudal Japan has rigid class system | 36 | |
| 5727495024 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. East Asia *Economic* | Tang and Song wealthy from trade with India and Middle East Pax Mongolia increases trade throughout Asia Zheng He shows wealth of China with voyages in Indian Ocean | 37 | |
| 5727495025 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Southeast Asia *Political* | Burma heavily influenced by India India influences state of Angkor in present day Thailand Vietnam heavily influenced by Tang China | 38 | |
| 5727495026 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Southeast Asia *Social* | Hindu culture shows in temples of Angkor Wat Buddhism spreads to Thailand and Indochina Islam spreads to Malay Peninsula and Indonesia | 39 | |
| 5727495027 | 600 C.E. - 1450 C.E. Southeast Asia *Economic* | Heavy trade between China and India & Middle East Much of this pasts through Southeast Asia by land of sea | 40 | |
| 5727495028 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Western Europe *Political* | Feudalism weakens and leads to kings centralizing power Religious wars resulting from Reformation leads to absolutism Absolutism provides security at the cost of freedom Peace and Prosperity lead to people wanting more freedoms Enlightenment questions the unchecked power of absolute monarchs | 41 | |
| 5727495029 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Western Europe *Social* | Corruption of Church leads to Reformation Church permanently weakened with Protestantism and secularism of Renaissance Scientific Revolution leads to many discoveries that improve life | 42 | |
| 5727495030 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Western Europe *Economic* | Questioning spirit of Renaissance leads to Age of Exploration Age of Exploration leads to Commercial Revolution Commercial Revolution creates a new middle class of merchants/bankers Mercantilism and Capitalism and Capitalism rapidly increase wealth of Europe Portugal and Spain first, then England and France | 43 | |
| 5727495031 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Political* | Arrival of Columbus leads to decline of Meso and Andean civilizations Cortes uses alliances, diseases, and guns to defeat Aztecs Pissaro exploits civil war and road system to defeat Inca Spanish rule Mexico from Mexico City and Peru from Lima Treaty of Tordesillas gives Portugal Brazil | 44 | |
| 5727495032 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Social* | Columbian Exchange connects Americas to rest of world Potato and tobacco to Europe and Africa Grains, livestock, and diseases to Americas Small pox kills Indians - importation of slaves results Encomienda system creates rigid labor system Penninsulares, Creoles, Mestizos, Indians, and Slaves | 45 | |
| 5727495033 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Mesoamerica and Andean America *Economic* | Mining of silver and cultivation of sugar dominates Latin American economy Triangular Trade - Sugar to Europe, Guns to Africa, Slaves to Latin America Mercantilism depletes Americas of raw materials | 46 | |
| 5727495034 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa *Political* | Moroccan army ends last Sudanic Empire of Songhai West Africa in constant war due to Triangular Trade Afonso of Kongo complacent in Portuguese slave trade at first Afonso (and other rulers) try unsuccessfully to stop it later Da Gama subdues the Swahili City States Dutch control the strategically important Cape town in South Africa | 47 | |
| 5727495035 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa *Social* | Population decreases with 12 million Africans sold into slavery New World foods like potato bring population back up More women than men in west Africa due to slave trade | 48 | |
| 5727495036 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Sub-Saharan Africa *Economic* | Triangular Trade at the center of African economy Raw materials begin to be exploited by Europeans | 49 | |
| 5727495037 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Political* | Ottoman empire under Mehmet II conquers Constantinople Reaches apex under Suleiman and failed Siege of Vienna Loss of Asian trading monopoly and failure to reform and modernize Janissaries resistant to any political reform Battle of Lepanto (against Spain) ends Ottoman power in Mediterranean Ottomans significantly weaker than European nations by 1750 | 50 | |
| 5727495038 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Social* | Large conversions of Balkans to Islam Causes religious problems in 1990s (Bosnia and Kosovo) | 51 | |
| 5727495039 | 1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E. Middle East and North Africa *Economic* | Ottomans totally control Europe/Asia trade after fall of Constantinople Short lived as Europeans find sea routes 50 years later Spanish silver floods Ottoman Empire causing inflation Loss of middleman status economic catastrophe | 52 |
