Terms : Hide Images
| 5778049012 | prehistory | the time preceding human civilization | 0 | |
| 5778052782 | the world's seven continents | Africa, Asia, Europe, Antarctica, Australia, North America, South America | 1 | |
| 5886286510 | Africa | birthplace of humanity | 2 | |
| 5886286512 | Asia | largest and most populous | 3 | |
| 5937965968 | Asia's subregions | Middle East, Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia | 4 | |
| 5886288649 | Europe | resource-rich, mild and temperate in climate | 5 | |
| 5886292990 | Australia | the smallest continent | 6 | |
| 5937962496 | Oceania | the thousands of islands in the Pacific Ocean that form no continent, but along with Australia are referred to as | 7 | |
| 5886294928 | Antarctica | no native population | 8 | |
| 5886304484 | "Out of Africa" thesis | theory that modern humans (homo sapiens) arose in East Africa around 200,000 years ago and migrated outward | 9 | |
| 5886314371 | Stone Age | the first period of human history | 10 | |
| 5886337149 | animism | a belief system in which all things in the natural world are thought to be animated by spirits | 11 | |
| 5886379157 | agriculture | domestication of plants | 12 | |
| 5886379171 | metallurgy | extracting metal from a raw ore | 13 | |
| 5886380624 | metalsmithing | shaping metal into tools | 14 | |
| 5886424857 | empires | states that expand by means of military conquest | 15 | |
| 5887305403 | papyrus | plant-based, paper-like substance | 16 | |
| 5887326376 | feudalism | a form of rulership in which a weak monarch loosely governs a number of decentralized and militarized political units | 17 | |
| 5887332621 | Mandate of Heaven | the idea that as long as a leader governed wisely, he could claim a divine right to rule | 18 | |
| 5887395129 | monarchy | rule by a single person | 19 | |
| 5887395130 | oligarchy | rule by the few | 20 | |
| 5887395888 | hierarchy | a culture's system of ranking social classes | 21 | |
| 5887396913 | social mobility | an individual to moving from one class to another | 22 | |
| 5887398918 | serfdom | an institution similar to slavery that compelled peasants to labor for the owners of the land they lived on | 23 | |
| 5894877348 | gunpowder empires | Ottoman Turkey, Safavid Persia, and Mughal India | 24 | |
| 5894951932 | shaminism | believes in human spirit guides | 25 | |
| 5894998877 | nation-states | political units with relatively fixed borders, a sense of national unity, and populations that were largely homogeneous in terms of language and ethnicity | 26 | |
| 5903819947 | Marco Polo | a traveler who told tales of wealth in eastern locales like China, the Indies, and Japan. This whetted the European appetites. | 27 | |
| 5904311691 | Ferdinand Magellan | a Portuguese mariner who sailed on behalf of Spain and was the leader of the first circumnavigation of the globe. | 28 | |
| 5904128563 | Vasco de Gama | first European to reach India by sea | 29 | |
| 5904355639 | maritime empires | overseas colonies fully under the mother country's control | 30 | |
| 5904374810 | conquistadors | generals who brought huge parts of North and South America under Spanish control | 31 | |
| 5904381639 | trading-post empire | what Spain and Portugal built in East | 32 | |
| 5904787322 | Hernan Cortes | waged effective and brutal campaign against the Aztecs | 33 | |
| 5904794831 | Francisco Pizarro | destroyed the Incans | 34 | |
| 5904880584 | viceroyalty | "in place of the king" | 35 | |
| 5905546668 | Dutch East India Company | a joint-stock enterprise founded in 1602 that administered operations in Indonesia, a colony of the Dutch | 36 | |
| 5905602048 | British East India Company | the England founded this to manage economic and military relations with South and Southeast Asia | 37 | |
| 5925840242 | Bering Expedition | a scientific venture organized by the Russian government that surveyed the waters separating Siberia from North America | 38 | |
| 5926033887 | doctrine of divine right | the monarch reigns by the will of God. (similar to the Mandate of Heaven) | 39 | |
| 5926035022 | parliamentarism | the ruler governed with a lawmaking body appointed by the aristocracy or elected by one or all of the people | 40 | |
| 5926040646 | English Bill of Rights | curtailed the powers of the monarch and made Parliament dominant in the English political system | 41 | |
| 5937994337 | Neolithic Revolution | New Stone Age where earthshaking important changes were made (birth to pastoralism, and agriculture) | 42 | |
| 5938438039 | devshirme system | recruited civil servants and elite troops | 43 | |
| 5938438056 | janissaries | musketeer infantry | 44 | |
| 5938439112 | millet system | sorted and administered non-Muslims according to their religious categories (millet=each religious minority) | 45 | |
| 5938441873 | jizya | unbeliever's tax | 46 | |
| 5940202216 | boers | Dutch colonists | 47 | |
| 5940578925 | shoguns | military rulers who wielded power on behalf of the symbolically important, but politically impotent emperor | 48 | |
| 5940797093 | military revolution | the process by which nations fully incorporated gunpowder weaponry into their way of war (1500-1700) | 49 | |
| 5941942862 | hegemony | overarching power, but local autonomy | 50 | |
| 5954796514 | Theravada | old Buddhism school of thought that emphasized simplicity and meditation. more popular in South Asia | 51 | |
| 5954799987 | Mahayana | another Buddhism denomination that stressed rituals, deities, and concepts after life. predominated in East Asia | 52 | |
| 5954805714 | imamas | the teachings of 12 religious authorities in Islam | 53 | |
| 5954835463 | Sunni | believe the four caliphs are rightful religious leaders | 54 | |
| 5954837820 | Shiite | believe that Ali is the only successful leadr | 55 | |
| 5955196860 | Lutheranism | the first of Europe's major Protestant denominations | 56 | |
| 5955224190 | salvation by grace | the belief that only God's forgiveness could bring a worshipper to heaven | 57 | |
| 5973657653 | Enlightenment | a philosophical and intellectual movement that put full confidence in the power of rational thought to solve social and political problems and to understand the wider world | 58 | |
| 5973819969 | griots | professional storytellers in West Africa | 59 | |
| 5973825654 | Palace of Versailles | France | 60 | |
| 5973827521 | Blue Mosque | Middle East (Turkey) | 61 | |
| 5989707362 | monopoly charters | those given the charter assumed the costs and risks of exploration or trade that required long voyaging. In return, they enjoyed exclusive rights to profit from new territories or markets | 62 | |
| 5989710505 | joint-stock companies | allowed investors to pool their funds and receive a share of the profit based on the size of their investment | 63 | |
| 5989794464 | privateering | the licensing of captains who owned their vessels privately to capture enemy ships or raid enemy ports | 64 | |
| 5989860538 | mercantilism | viewed all other nations as rivals and aimed to be self-sufficient. believed that state control over all economic activity desirable and viewed colonies as economic extensions of the mother country | 65 | |
| 5989865235 | proto-industrialization | a noticeable rise in machine-assisted production, cottage industry, and other forms of manufacturing | 66 | |
| 5989866412 | capitalism | emphasized free trade and argued for less state control over the economy | 67 | |
| 5989878167 | cash-crop agriculture | sugarcane, cotton, coffee | 68 | |
| 5989904586 | conscription | as states centralized, larger armies drafted more serfs and peasants | 69 | |
| 5989932954 | nobles of the robe | civil servants who were ennobled by Louis himself and who therefore owed their status to the king rather than own family tree | 70 | |
| 5990032523 | chattel slavery | the outright ownership of human beings as personal property | 71 | |
| 5990043544 | encomienda system | declared all American natives to be Spanish subjects | 72 | |
| 5990047630 | plantation monoculture | intensive cultivation of a single crop on large estates, haciendas | 73 | |
| 5990081264 | anti-semitism | hostility towards Jews | 74 | |
| 6048479277 | Legalism | sense of humans having evil that needed to be restrained through Confucianism and a set of moral acts (Qin dynasty) | 75 | |
| 6048479278 | tributary system | exacting payment from neighboring states (Han dynasty) | 76 | |
| 6050561065 | city-states | concentrated on cities, not empire, but powerful enough to have colonies, tended to be next to big bodies of water | 77 | |
| 6050600836 | republic | a state without a monarch and one in which all or most adult citizens (in premodern times only males) play some role | 78 | |
| 6058009774 | syncretism | blending of religions | 79 | |
| 6101665093 | galleys | oared ships with small square sails that were suitable for coastal navigation (short distance). They were used in the Mediterranean trade route | 80 | |
| 6183732060 | serfs | peasants who were not technically slaves but were tied to a feudal lord's land and had no right to change profession or residence without permission | 81 | |
| 6183735733 | knights | elite armored cavalry | 82 | |
| 6183842793 | Magna Carta | guaranteed the nobility certain rights and privileges | 83 | |
| 6184311878 | the theme system | Byzantium granted land to soldiers serving in frontier zones | 84 | |
| 6215529058 | Neo-Confucianism | reinforced China's cultural tendency toward hierarchy and obedience, important unifying factor in China | 85 | |
| 6216910134 | ayllu | commoner clans among the Aztecs that cooperated to fulfill the labor obligations they owed to the elites | 86 | |
| 6216914342 | guilds | Medieval labor union | 87 | |
| 6228596502 | medieval climatic optimum | (800-1300) warming trend that affected migration | 88 | |
| 6259489107 | Atlantic revolutions | (1700s-1810s) American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Rebellion, Latin American Wards of Independence | 89 | |
| 6269351103 | the Estates General | a national assembly of delegates from each estate who were to meet with Louis XVI on May 1789 | 90 | |
| 6269594993 | the Committee of Public Safety | The Jacobins created this executive body which assumed dictatorial powers and attempted the radical transformation of French society | 91 | |
| 6280174357 | economic imperialism | pressuring weaker nations to offer favorable trade terms rather than outright colonization | 92 | |
| 6280212266 | the Eastern Question | (late 1800s) how to fill the power vacuum caused in the Balkans and the eastern Mediterranean by the Ottoman Empire's steady decline | 93 | |
| 6280217085 | the Great Game | (late 1800s) the collision of British and Russian spheres of influence in Central Asia | 94 | |
| 6280221479 | the Scramble for Africa | (late 1800s) the rush to subjugate the entire continent between the 1880s and the 1910s | 95 | |
| 6280310462 | Otto von Bismarck | a cautious diplomat and key architect of the European balance of power who was dismissed by Wilhelm II, a rash and impatient emperor | 96 | |
| 6280601499 | the Dreyfus Affair | (1894-1906) the army and the government falsely blamed a Jewish officer for the leaking of military secrets to Germany | 97 | |
| 6281434826 | reaction | attempting to minimize change or even undo what had transpired during the years of revolution | 98 | |
| 6281493017 | Ausgleich of 1867 | granted equal status to Hungarians | 99 | |
| 6309316672 | the Crimean War | Turks v. Russians- b/c Russia suddenly annexed Ottoman provinces | 100 | |
| 6309324896 | the Balkan Crisis | Bulgarians, Serbs, and others revolted against economically harsh policies | 101 | |
| 6446806160 | Schlieffen Plan | a daring gamble the Germans made which sent 75% of army to France, hoping for a quick victory, then to focus on Russia, where 25% of army will go | 102 | |
| 6446811820 | Spring Offensive | Spring, 1918: Germans stake everything on this when they're losing | 103 | |
| 6446904423 | Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points | he hoped to prevent all war in the future, and called for freedom of the seas, an end to secret treaties, arms reduction, decolonization, rearrangement of borders according to "self-determination" of national groups, establishment of League of Nations | 104 | |
| 6447003667 | four empires destroyed after WWI | Germany's Reich, Habsburg Austria, tsarist Russia, Ottoman Empire | 105 |
