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AP World History Foundations Flashcards

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6360202488During the Paleolithic Era, hunting and foraging peoples migrated from where to where?They migrated from East Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas.0
6360202489What are some effects of settled agriculture?~More reliable food source ~Impacted environment (cultivation, irrigation, domestic animals) ~Population increase ~Job specialization.1
6360202490Permanent Agricultural Villages (Neolithic Revolution)~Mesopotamia ~Nile River Valley ~Sub-Saharan Africa ~Indus River Valley ~Yellow River Valley ~Papau New Guinea ~Andes ~Mesoamerica.2
6360202491Improvements in Agricultural Production, Tarde, and Transportation (Neolithic Revolution)Pottery, plows, woven textiles, metallurgy, wheels and wheeled vehicles3
6360202492CivilizationLarge societies with cities and powerful states.4
6360202493Characteristics of all Civilizations~Produced agricultural surpluses (specialization of labor) ~Complex political, social and religious hierarchies ~Economic exchanges and trade5
6360202494Core and Foundational Civilizations~Mesopotamia (Tigris & Euphrates Valleys) ~Egypt (Nile River Valley) ~Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa (Indus River Valley) ~Shang (Yellow River Valley) ~Olmecs (Mesoamerica) -Chavin (Andean South America)6
6360202496Who had the first access to iron?Hittites7
6360202497Who were often developers of new weapons and modes and transportation?Pastoralists8
6360202498New Weapons and Modes of Transportation (First Civilizations)~Composite bows and iron weapons ~Chariots and horseback riding9
6360202499Monumental Architecture and Urban Planning (First Civilizations)~Ziggurats ~Pyramids ~Temples ~Defensive Walls ~Streets and Roads ~Sewage and Water Systems10
6360386196Record Keeping~Cuneiform ~Hieroglyphics ~Pictographs ~Alphabets ~Quipu11
6360386197Legal Codes (First Civilizations)~Reflected existing hierarchies ~Code of Hammurabi ~Code of Ur-Nammu12
6360386198New Religious Beliefs (First Civilizations)~Vedic Religion ~Hebrew Monotheism ~Zoroastrianism13
6360386199Development of Interregional Trade~Egypt and Nubia ~Egypt and Mesopotamia ~Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley14
6360386200Judaism~Developed with the codification of Hebrew Scriptures ~Reflected Mesopotamian influence ~Assyrian, Roman, and Babylonian empires conquered various Jewish states (contributed to growth of Jewish Diasporic communities)15
6360386201Buddhism~Reaction to Vedic beliefs and rituals ~Core beliefs about desire, suffering, and search for Enlightenment ~Supported by Mauryan Emperor Ashoka ~Spread by missionaries and merchants16
6360386202Confucianism~Originated through writings and lessons on Confucius ~Stressed social harmony and relationships between people and rulers17
6360386203Daoism~Stressed balance between humans and nature18
6360386204Influence of Daoism on the Development of Chinese Culture~Medical Theories and Practices ~Poetry ~Metallurgy ~Architecture19
6360386205Christianity~Core beliefs about the teachings of Jesus ~Supported by Emperor Constantine ~Spread by missionaries and merchants throughout Afro-Eurasia20
6360386206Greco-Roman Philosophy and Science~Emphasized logic, observation, and the nature of political power21
6360386207Art and Architecture~Hindu Art and Architecture ~Buddhist Art and Architecture ~Christian Art and Architecture ~Greco-Roman Art and Architecture22
6360386208Effects of Belief Systems~Reinforced existing social structures ~Offered new role and status to some men and women23
6360386209State~Powerful new systems of rule that mobilized surplus labor and resources over large areas ~Competed for land and resources ~Developed policies to govern relationships with diverse populations24
6360495425Key States and Empires~Southwest Asia: Persian Empires ~East Asia: Qin and Han Empires ~South Asia: Maurya and Gupta Empires ~Mediterranean Region: Phoenicia & colonies, Greek City-States & colonies, Hellenistic & Roman Empires ~Mesoamerica: Teotihuacán, Maya City-States ~Andean South America: Moche ~North America: from Chaco to Cahokia25
6360495426Persian Empires~Archaemenid ~Parthian ~Sassanid26
6360495427Administrative Institutions~To organize subjects ~Centralized governments ~Legal systems and bureaucracies27
6360495428Regions where Rulers Created Administrative Institutions~China ~Rome ~Persia ~South Asia28
6360495429Techniques to Promote Trade and Military Power~Issuing currencies ~Diplomacy ~Developing supply lines ~Building fortifications ~Defensive walls and roads ~New groups of military officers and soldiers from local population or conquered peoples29
6360495430Imperial CitiesCenters of trade, public performance of religious rituals, and political administration30
6360495431Cities~Persepolis ~Chang'an ~Pataliputra ~Athens ~Carthage ~Rome ~Alexandria ~Constantinople ~Teotihuacán31
6360495432Methods to Maintain Food Production and Provide Rewards for Elites~Corvée ~Slavery ~Rents and Tributes ~Peasant Communities ~Family and Household Production32
6360495433External Problems Along Fronteirs~Between Han China and Xiongnu ~Between the Gupta and White Huns ~Between the Romans and their northern and eastern neighbors33
6361413395Transregional Trade Networks~Eurasian Silk Roads ~Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes ~Indian Ocean Sea Lanes ~Mediterranean Sea Lanes34
6361413396Innovations in Maritime Technologies~Advanced knowledge of monsoon winds ~Exchanges from East Africa to East Asia35
6361413397New Technologies for Long Distance Trade~Use of domestic pack animals to transport goods across longer routes36
6361413398Changes in Farming and Irrigation Techniques~Qanat System ~Variety of water wheels (noria, sakia) ~Improved wells and pumps (shaduf)37
6361413399Effects of the Spread of Disease on Empires~Effects of disease on Roman Empire ~Effects of disease on Chinese Empires38

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