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| 325547375 | Stateless societies | -African societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states. -African societies (probably around 1300's to mid 1400's) -had forms of gov't but instead of ruler and court in a kingdom, power could be held by council of families or the community, with no bureaucrats or army, or to tax for support | 0 | |
| 325547376 | Sudanic states | -states often were led by a patriarch or council of elders from a family or lineage -based on an ethnic core and conquered neighboring peoples -rulers were sacred individuals separated from their subjects by rituals -fusion of Islamic and African cultures | 1 | |
| 325547377 | Almoravids | -members of a Muslim dynasty of Berber warriors that flourished from 1049 to 1145 and that established political dominance over northwestern Africa and Spain -puritanical reformist group who was forming Islam by purifying it by returning it to the original teachings of Muhammad | 2 | |
| 325547378 | Ifriqiya, Maghrib | -Ifriqiya=what the Romans called Africa -By 670 C.E., Muslims ruled Tunisia or Ifriqiya -Maghrib=Arab word for western north Africa | 3 | |
| 325547379 | Ethiopia | -Christian kingdom that developed in the highlands of eastern Africa under the dynasty of King Lalaibela -retained Christianity in the face of Muslim expansion elsewhere | 4 | |
| 325547380 | Mali | -empire centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers -old forms of kingship reinforced by Islam -Malinke people broke free from Ghana in 13th century -rulers supported Islam by building mosques etc -model for Islamic Sudanic kingdom -economic basis=agriculture and gold | 5 | |
| 325547381 | Juula | -manlike merchants that formed small partnerships and groups to carry out trade throughout the gold-producing south areas of Mali -spread beyond borders of the empire to west Africa | 6 | |
| 325547382 | Griots | -professional oral historians who also served as the keepers of traditions and advisors to kings | 7 | |
| 325547383 | Timbuktu | -port city of Mali; near Niger River -by 4th century, mosque contained library and university -pop. of 50,000 | 8 | |
| 325547384 | Askia Muhammad | - | 9 | |
| 325547385 | Ile-Ife | -holiest city of the Yoruba(Nigeria) -"original cultural center" -remarkable terra-cotta and bronze portrait heads of past rulers were produced there | 10 | |
| 325547386 | Zenj | -Arabic term for east African coast | 11 | |
| 325547387 | Mansa Kankan Musa | -king of Mali -came to power in 1312AD -brought the lands of the Middle Niger under Mali's rule -enclosed the cities of Timbuktu and Gao within his empire -pushed his armies northward, eastward, westward -enclosed a large part of the Western Sudan -Muslim; but most of his people were not Muslims, so he supported the religion of the mankind people as well as Islam. -made pilgrimage in 1324 to Mecca that brought Muslim world to Mali | 12 | |
| 325547388 | Ishak-al-Sahili | -a poet and architect who directed the building of several important mosques, and a distinctive form of Sudanic architecture | 13 | |
| 325547389 | Sundiata | -"The Lion Prince"; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali empire; -died about 1260 | 14 | |
| 325547390 | Songhay | -successor state of Mali within Mali itself -people of Songhay dominated the middle areas of the Niger valley -made up of farmers, herders, fishers -began to form in the 7th century as independent kingdom probably under Berber dynasty -majority of pop.=pagan but there were Muslims -dominated by Mali but 1370s established independence and thrived as new sources of gold passed through | 15 | |
| 325547391 | Muhammad the Great | -Muslim ruler who took military title of askia -Islamic ruler of the mid 16th century -extended the boundaries of the Songhay empire to Sudan | 16 | |
| 325547392 | Nok | -culture featuring highly developed art style flourishing between 500 B.C.E and 200 C.E -located in forests of central Nigeria | 17 | |
| 325547393 | Ibn Batuta | -Arabic traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records | 18 | |
| 325547394 | Benin | -Powerful city-state(in present day Nigeria) which came into contact with the Portuguese in 1485 but remained relatively free of European influence -important commercial and political entity until 19th century | 19 | |
| 325547395 | Kongo Kingdom | -based on agriculture -formed on lower Congo River by late 15th century -ruled by heriditary monarchy -sharp division in labor b/w men and women -by 15th century, divided into 8 major provinces | 20 | |
| 325547396 | Great Zimbabwe | -Bantu confederation of Shona-speaking peoples located b/w Zimbezi and Limpopo rivers -developed after 9th century -featured royal courts built of stone -created centralized state by 15th century | 21 | |
| 325547397 | Mwene Mutapa | -king of Bantu in 15th century | 22 | |
| 325547398 | Bantu migration | -expansion of the Bantu peoples -migrated due to over population -helped spread culture throughout Africa | 23 | |
| 325547399 | Axum | -kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands -replaced Meroe in first century C.E -received strong influence from Arabian peninsula -eventually converted to Christianity | 24 | |
| 325547400 | Ghana | -founded in the 3rd century -rose to power by taxing the salt and gold exchanged within its borders -by 10th century, rulers had converted to Islam and was at the height of its power | 25 | |
| 325547401 | Sunni Ali Ber | -Under him (1462-1492), the Songhay empire was forged -great tactical commander and ruthless leader -seized trading cities of Timbuktu and Jenne -controlled middle Niger valley -developed system to mobilize recruits for army -Muslim | 26 | |
| 325547402 | Sharia | -Islamic law -defined among other things the patrilineal nature of Islamic inheritance | 27 | |
| 325547403 | Swahili Coast | -consisted of independent city states -affected a lot by Islam -string of Islamicized African ports | 28 | |
| 325547404 | Hausa | -peoples of northern Nigeria -formed states following the demise of Songhay Empire that combined Muslim and Pagan traditions | 29 |
