Terms : Hide Images
| 218094737 | The Mauryan Dynasty/ Temporary unification of India | -520 BCE Darius (Persia) crossed Hindu Kush mountains, conquers parts of northwestern India -Kingdom of Gandhara in the northern part of Pakistan -Introduced local rulers to Persian techniques of administration | 0 | |
| 218094738 | Megasthenes | -Lived in India during the late 4th century and early 3rd century BCE -Wrote Indika -Wrote many stories | 1 | |
| 218094739 | Marriage in Gupta Empire | -Child Marriages -Young girl betrothed to men much older -Once reached puberty officially married | 2 | |
| 218094740 | Ashoka Maurya | -Reigned 268-232 BCE - Supported Buddhism -Tightly organized bureaucracy -Kalinga only independent region (created difficulties for Ashoka) -Took over Kalinga in 260 BCE in bloody campaign -Estimated 100,000 Kalingans killed & 150,000 driven from their homes, untold numbers persished _Better known as governor than a conquerer *Ruled almost entire subcontinent *Encouraged trade through roads | 3 | |
| 218094741 | Financial Suffering | -Led to the decline of the Mauryan Empire | 4 | |
| 218094742 | Moksha | -Dharma-obedience to religious and moral laws -Artha- pursuit of economic well being and honest prosperity -Kama- enjoyment of social and physical interactions -Proper balance of above three would help achieve Moksha | 5 | |
| 218094743 | Castes | -Brahams/Priests- Intellectual & spiritual leaders -Kshatriya/Warriors and Aristocrats- protectors of society -Vaishyas/Merchants,farmers,artisans-skilled producers -Shundras-unskilled labor -Untouchables-outside of caste system | 6 | |
| 218094744 | Hinduism | -Mahabhorata-secular poem revised by brahman scholars to honor god(Vishnu), preserver of the world(Ramayana) -Secular story of Rama and Sita -Changed into Hindu story | 7 | |
| 218094745 | The Dharma | -Four noble truths and noble eightfold path are the way to suffering -Suffering cause desire -Religious goal: personal salvation(nirvana), a state of perfect spiritual independence | 8 | |
| 218094746 | Mahayana Buddhism | -Development between 3rd century BC and 1st century CE -Buddha became god -Boddhisatva- "an enlightened being" -Monasteries accept gift from wealthy individuals -Educational institutions promoted new faith | 9 | |
| 218094747 | Hindu Ethics | -Achieve salvation through meeting caste responsibilities -Lead honorable lives in the world -Hinduism gradually replaced Buddhism in India | 10 | |
| 218094748 | Chandragupta Maurya | -Began conquests in 320 BCE -Laid foundation for the Mauryan empire -Began seizin control of small, remote regions of Magadha then worked towards center -By 321 BCE he had overthrown the ruling dynasty and consolidated his hold on the kingdon -Moved in punjab and brought northwestern India under his control -By end of 4th century BCE empire went from all of northern India to Indus to Ganges | 11 | |
| 218094749 | Alexander of Macedon | -In 327 BCE, crossed the Indus River and crushed the states he found there -Remained in India for only short time after -Left India in 325 BCE -Created political vacuum in northwestern India by destroying existing states then withdrawing his own force | 12 | |
| 218094750 | Appeal of Buddhism | -Appealed strongly to members of lower castes -Did not recognize hierarchies -Less demanding then Jainism -Made it more popular -Vernacular tongues -Holy sites venerated by pilgrims -Monoastic organization- ways of spreading the message -Ashoka converted and became important patron of Buddhism | 13 | |
| 218094751 | Early Buddhism | -Siddharta Gautama (563-483 BCE) became Buddha -Gave up comfortable life in search for cause of suffering -Received enlightenment under the bo tree -First sermon about 528 BCE -Organized followers into community of monks | 14 | |
| 218094752 | Pataliputra | -Thriving cosmopolitan city -Local committee looked after foreigners -Went to great lengths to make sure his subordinates implement his policies -Central treasury oversaw efficient collection of taxes -Result of his policies, the various regions of India became well intergrated | 15 | |
| 218094753 | Chandragupta's Government | -Kautalya devised procedures for the governance of Chandragupta's realm -Some of his advise survives in Ancient Indian political head book known as Arthashastra -Outlined methods of administering the empire, overseeing trade and agriculture, collecting taxes, maintaining order, conducting foreign relations, and waging war -Advised Chandragupta to make abundant use of spies like prostitutes -Bureaucratic administrative system | 16 | |
| 218094754 | Guptas | -Greek speaking Bactrians- ruled in northwest India for 2 centuries -Kushans conquered and ruled 1-300 CE -Emperor Kashika (78-103 CE) -Crucial role in silk road trading | 17 | |
| 218094755 | Gupta Dynasty | -Founded by Chandra Gupta (375-415 CE) -Smaller, more decentralized than Maurya -Invasion of white huns weakened empire -After 5th century dynasty continued in name only -Large regional kingdoms dominated politics | 18 | |
| 218094756 | Towns and Trade | -Towns all over India countryside after 600 BCE -Towns provided manufactured products and luxury goods -Active marketplaces especially along Ganges -Trade with Persia, China, Indian Ocean Basin, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Mediterranean | 19 | |
| 218094757 | Family Life/ Caste System | -Patriarchal families, female subordination, child marriage -Development of Caste System -With trade new social groups of artisans, craftsmen, and merchants appeared -Subcastes or jati -Vaishyas and Shundras saw unprecedented wealth -Old Aryan beliefs and values became irrelevent | 20 | |
| 218094758 | Jainism | -Vardhamana Mahaura (Jina) founded relation in 5th century BCE -Everything has a soul - Too demanding -Purify oneself to attain bliss *Ahimsa-nonviolence - Individual souls equally participate in ultimate reality -Jains did not recognize hierarches of caste and jati | 21 | |
| 218094759 | Bhagavad Gita | -Short poetic work: dialogue between Vishnu and warrior -Illustrated expectations of Hinduism and promise salvation | 22 | |
| 218094760 | Magadha | -Located in the central portion of the Ganges plain -Regional kingdoms in valley of the Ganges became wealthy as worker turned forests into fields -Trade became prominent -During the next two centuries the kings conquered the neighboring states | 23 |
