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| 5903500906 | Bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam | 0 | |
| 5903500908 | Mecca | City located in mountainous region along Red Sea in Arabian peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quaraysh; site of Ka'ba; original home of Muhammad; location of cheif religious pilgrimage point in Islam | 1 | |
| 5903500909 | Umayyad | Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan established a dynasty under this title as rulers of Islam, 661 to 750 | 2 | |
| 5903500912 | Medina | Also known as Yahtrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca (hijra) | 3 | |
| 5903500913 | Allah | The Arab term for the high god in pre-Islamic Arabia that was adopted by the followers of Muhammad and the Islamic faith | 4 | |
| 5903500916 | Muhammad | Prophet of Islam; born c.570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by fathers family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and thereafter; died in 632 | 5 | |
| 5903500917 | Khadijah(555-619) | First wife of prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader | 6 | |
| 5903500918 | Qur'an | Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam | 7 | |
| 5903500919 | Ali(c.599-661) | Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a | 8 | |
| 5903500922 | Five pillars | The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, giving to the prayer, and hajj. | 9 | |
| 5903500923 | Ramadan | Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset | 10 | |
| 5903500924 | Hajj | A Muslim's pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba | 11 | |
| 5903500926 | Caliph | The political and religious successor to Muhammad | 12 | |
| 5903500927 | Abu Bakr | The first caliph or leader of the Muslim faithful elected after Muhammad's death in 632. Renown for his knowledge of the nomadic tribes who then dominated the Islamic community | 13 | |
| 5903500929 | Jihads | Struggles; often used for wars in defense of the faith, but also a term to indicate personal quests for religious understanding | 14 | |
| 5903500934 | Mu'awiya(602-680) | Leader of Umayyad clan; first Umayyad caliph following civil war with Ali | 15 | |
| 5903500935 | Sunnis | Political and theological division with Islam; supported the Umayyads | 16 | |
| 5903500936 | Shi'a | Also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali | 17 | |
| 5903500938 | Damascus | Syrian city that was capital of Umayyad caliphate | 18 | |
| 5903500943 | Abbasid | Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E. | 19 | |
| 5903500946 | Baghdad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon | 20 | |
| 5903500949 | In what ways was the Islamic religion a faith that elevated the status and opportunities of women, and what were the constrains on this process? Was this true in all places to which Islam spread? | Women gained more power such as property ownership. But this was not the case in places such as Africa and Southeast Asia | 21 | |
| 5903500955 | Crusades | Series of military adventures initially launched by western Christians to free Holy Land from Muslims; temporarily succeeded in capturing Jerusalem and establishing Christian kingdoms; later used for other purposes such as commercial wars and extermination of heresy | 22 | |
| 5903500957 | Ibn Khaldun(1332-1406) | A Muslim historian; developed concept that dynasties of nomadic conquerors had a cycle of three generations- strong, weak, dissolute | 23 | |
| 5903500960 | Ulama | Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking | 24 | |
| 5903500989 | Ibn Sina | Wrote the medical encyclopedia that was the basic medical textbook for the middle ages. | 25 | |
| 5903500994 | Shariah | Islamic law; defined among other things the patrilineal nature of Islamic inheritance | 26 | |
| 5915263256 | Ibn Rushd | Wrote the commentary of virtually all of Aristotle's works. | 27 | |
| 5915267949 | Omar Khayyam | Wrote the Rubayat, which is one of the most familiar books of Middle | 28 | |
| 5915297637 | Cordoba | major Islamic city in the middle ages and known for the mosque. | 29 | |
| 5915305964 | Gabriel | considered an archangel whom God is believed to have sent with revelation to various prophets, including Muhammad | 30 | |
| 5915411563 | Eastern Literature | Transcript of Ancient Middle Eastern Literature. Ancient Middle Eastern Literature What you need to know about. the Middle East... Best known for where civilization started. | 31 | |
| 5915416646 | Genghis Khan | was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire | 32 | |
| 5915432196 | Hussein | son of Ali | 33 | |
| 5915442885 | Abbadis Dynasty | third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad | 34 | |
| 5915452153 | Fatimids | a member of a dynasty that ruled in parts of northern Africa, Egypt, and Syria | 35 | |
| 5915456179 | Alhambra | the complete Arabic form of which was Qalat Al-Hamra, is a palace and fortress complex | 36 | |
| 5915469004 | Astrolabe | very ancient astronomical computer for solving problems relating to time and the position of the Sun and stars in the sky | 37 | |
| 5915473423 | Sultan | a Muslim sovereign | 38 | |
| 5915477910 | Rubaiyat | A traditional Persian verse form consisting of a collection of quatrains | 39 | |
| 5915492713 | Hijrah | migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina | 40 | |
| 5915496994 | Vizier | a high official in some Muslim countries | 41 | |
| 5915500121 | Minaret | a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony | 42 | |
| 5915502670 | Muezzin | a man who calls Muslims to prayer from the minaret of a mosque. | 43 | |
| 5915518052 | Islam's contribution to Algebra | They perfected it after it was created by the Babylonians | 44 |
