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| 7323561853 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. | 0 | |
| 7323561854 | Confucius (Kung Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 BCE); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. | 1 | |
| 7323561856 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Loazi. | 2 | |
| 7323561857 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 BCE. | 3 | |
| 7323561858 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 BCE. | 4 | |
| 7323561859 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs. | 5 | |
| 7323561860 | Buddhism | A religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment. | 6 | |
| 7323561861 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 BCE) who founded Buddhism. | 7 | |
| 7323561862 | Mahayana | "Great vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural being and proved to be more popular (Theravada) Buddhism. | 8 | |
| 7323561863 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion. | 9 | |
| 7323561864 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. | 10 | |
| 7323561865 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. | 11 | |
| 7323561866 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century BCE (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. | 12 | |
| 7323561867 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice. | 13 | |
| 7323561868 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, who teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century BCE). | 14 | |
| 7323561869 | Greek Rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic though that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 BCE; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 15 | |
| 7323561870 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 CE) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. | 16 | |
| 7323561871 | Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul) | Helped to popularize Christianity, (10-65 CE). | 17 | |
| 7323561872 | Church of the East | Churches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church. | 18 | |
| 7323561874 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 BCE-30 CE). | 19 | |
| 7323561875 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 CE) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals. | 20 | |
| 7323561876 | Animism | The belief that nature itself is imbued with many spirits. | 21 | |
| 7323561877 | Dao De Jing | A book of poems written by Laozi in which he attempts to describe the concept of dao, or the "way" of nature; foundational text for Daoism. | 22 | |
| 7323561878 | Analects | Text composed by students of Confucius, which recorded conversations about his teachings; eventually became the foundational text for Confucianism. | 23 | |
| 7323561879 | filial piety | Literally the "righteousness of the son"; a core belief in Confucianism that one's place in society is a reflection of one's place within a family; based on the concept of the "five relationships." | 24 | |
| 7323561880 | Hebrew (Scriptures) | The codification of the ________ scriptures further associated Judaism with monotheism. | 25 | |
| 7323561881 | Mesopotamia | The Hebrew scriptures influenced the cultural and legal traditions of what area? | 26 | |
| 7323561882 | Conquest of Jewish states by Assyria, Babylonia, and Rome. | What trend influenced the Jewish diasporic communities in the Middle East? Which peoples were involved? | 27 | |
| 7323561883 | Vedic, Hinduism | Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the __________ religions, which later became known as __________. | 28 | |
| 7323561884 | Core beliefs: desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment. Scriptures: Sutras & other misc. scriptures. | What core beliefs did Buddhism preach? What scriptures were they recorded in? | 29 | |
| 7323561885 | The Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia. | Buddhism was, in part, a reaction to ____________. | 30 | |
| 7323561886 | Asoka / Mauryan Empire / efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions. | Emperor _______________ of _____________ supported the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism was also spread through ___________________________. | 31 | |
| 7323561887 | Confucianism | The philosophical belief system of ___________ came out of China. | 32 | |
| 7323561888 | to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships. | Confucianism's main goal was: | 33 | |
| 7323561889 | Balance between humans and nature. | What are the core beliefs of Daoism? | 34 | |
| 7323561890 | It influenced medical theories and practices, pottery, metallurgy, and architecture. | What role did Daoism play in the development of Chinese culture? | 35 | |
| 7323561893 | Efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia / Emporer Constantine | Christianity initially spread through ____________, and later through the support of ____________________. | 36 | |
| 7323561894 | Logic, empirical observations, and the nature of political power and hierarchy. | What are the cored ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy/science? | 37 | |
| 7323561896 | Shamanism/Animism persisted because of their daily reliance on the natural world. | What belief systems continued alongside the codified, written belief systems? Why did these persist outside of core civilizations? | 38 |
