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| 3194605556 | Hunting and gathering societies | organize rather small groups into political units | 0 | |
| 3194605557 | the paleolithic age refers to | the period in which simple stone tools were developed | 1 | |
| 3194605558 | a characteristic of the human species before the advent of civilization | the ability to spread to various geographic settings and climate zones | 2 | |
| 3194605559 | the development of agriculture cause important changes in all the following except | the tendency to believe in many gods | 3 | |
| 3194605560 | The neolithic revolution occurred first in | the middle east | 4 | |
| 3194605561 | why did the original inhabitants of australia not develop agriculture? | They were too isolated to learn of developments elsewhere until recently | 5 | |
| 3194605562 | once developed, metal tools were preferred over stone tools for all the following reasons except | they were easier for ordinary people to make at home | 6 | |
| 3194605563 | a society is almost certainly a civilization if | it practices sedentary agriculture | 7 | |
| 3194605564 | the development of writing | helps explain why governments could become more formal and bureaucratic | 8 | |
| 3194605565 | the earliest know writing in a civilization first developed in | the middle east | 9 | |
| 3194605566 | one difference between classical civilizations and river valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations | political organization was more elaborate | 10 | |
| 3194605567 | one difference between classical China and the earlier Huanghe river valley civilization was that | human sacrifices were suppressed | 11 | |
| 3194605568 | "dynasty" in Chinese history was | a family that passed the imperial title from generation to generation | 12 | |
| 3194605569 | The "Son of heaven" concept was designed to promote all of the following except: | priests' control over the state | 13 | |
| 3194605570 | the Qin dynasty differed from the Zhou in that | it was more centralized | 14 | |
| 3194605571 | all of the following constituted a function of government in Han China except | schools for peasant boys | 15 | |
| 3194605572 | chinese views on nature emphasized | harmony and balance | 16 | |
| 3194605573 | Which of the following is a confucian belief | a good society has a heirarchy in both family and state | 17 | |
| 3194605574 | ceremony became an important part if upper-class chinese life beacuse | the chinese believed it would help unify society and prevent greed | 18 | |
| 3194605575 | Daoists would agree with Confucianists on all the following except | the importance of political activity | 19 | |
| 3194605576 | Whic of the following does not help to explain why India was more often invaded than China | hostility to warfare | 20 | |
| 3194605577 | The aryan conquerers brought to india | distinctive religious ideas | 21 | |
| 3194605578 | the mauryan dynasty differed from the gupta dynasty in that | it ruled larger territory | 22 | |
| 3194605579 | India's political tradition | stressed teh importance of regional and local units | 23 | |
| 3194605580 | The Indian caste system served to an extent as a politcal institution by | enforcing rules about social behavior | 24 | |
| 3194605581 | Confucian and Hindu values | helped justify and preserve social inequality | 25 | |
| 3194605582 | Hindu ethics involved | emphasis on an individual carrying out the obligations of life | 26 | |
| 3194605583 | Hinduism urged that | all living creatures participated in divine essence | 27 | |
| 3194605584 | Buddhism differed from hinduism by not believing | in the caste system | 28 | |
| 3194605585 | "Nirvana" meants | full union with the divine essence | 29 | |
| 3194605586 | If the greek genius was politics, then the roman genius was | engineering | 30 | |
| 3194605587 | the two mediterranean powers fighting during the punic wars were | Carthage and Rome | 31 | |
| 3194605588 | Compared to modern american ideas about democracy, athenian democracy was distinctive in | urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking and policymaking | 32 | |
| 3194605589 | Greek politics resembled Indian politics in | the tendency of regional fragmentation | 33 | |
| 3194605590 | from a confucian viewpoint, the roman empire might have been criticized for putting too much emphasis on | laws rather than trained officials | 34 | |
| 3194605591 | republican romans and democratic athens would have agreed that all of the following were politically important except | division of powers within the state | 35 | |
| 3194605592 | the senate of republican rome particularily represented | the landed aristocracy | 36 | |
| 3194605593 | roman emperors tried to prevent population disorders by | organizing food supplies and distribution | 37 | |
| 3194605594 | the roman empire | tolerated local political and religious diversity | 38 | |
| 3194605595 | the socratic method emphasized the importance of | questioning | 39 | |
| 3194605596 | the first kingdoms in eastern africa below the Sahara showed the influence of | Egypt and Hellenism | 40 | |
| 3194605597 | nomadic invaders often had military advantages over armies of empires because | they were more skilled as horsemen | 41 | |
| 3194605598 | by 600 c.e and early civilizations was beginning to take shape in | Central America | 42 | |
| 3194605599 | Japan developed a religion called | Shintoism | 43 | |
| 3194605600 | The end of the gupta empire differed from the decline of Rome in that it did not involve | the introduction of a new religion for the majority | 44 | |
| 3194605601 | which of the following best survived the Hun Invasions of India? | Hindu beliefs | 45 | |
| 3194605602 | One important early symptom of Rome's decline was | the drop in population due to a series of plagues | 46 | |
| 3194605603 | the "lessons" of late Han china and the late Roman Empire are that the decline of civilization, whether temporary or permanent | is not simple the result of attack of outside invaders | 47 | |
| 3194605604 | The eastern portion of the Roman Empire experienced less decline than the west for all of the following reasons except | the east resisted the spread of christianity | 48 | |
| 3194605605 | after 200. c.e an increasing number of people in Asia, Europe, and North Africa began to adapt to faiths characterized by | monotheism | 49 | |
| 3194605606 | Islam means | submission | 50 | |
| 3194605607 | The arabic camel nomads were referred to as | Bedouin | 51 | |
| 3194605608 | Which of the following cultures found in the Arabian peninsula was most significant in shaping the development of Islam? | Bedouin | 52 | |
| 3194605609 | Which of the following regions was Not affected by Islam during its early history ( prior to 750 c.e) | South America | 53 | |
| 3194605610 | Which of the following statements concerning bedouin society is NOT accurate | Clans were commonly congregated together in larger tribal groupings | 54 | |
| 3194605611 | Leader of Bedouin clans were called | shaykhs | 55 | |
| 3194605612 | Which of the following groups was Not a component of bedouin society | artisans | 56 | |
| 3194605613 | Which of the following statements about interclan relationships is most accurate | inter-clan violence over control of water and pasturage was common | 57 | |
| 3194605614 | What was the result of inter-clan rivalries | it tended to weaken the bedouin in comparison to neighboring people and empires | 58 | |
| 3194605615 | what clan was responsible for the founding of Mecca? | Ummayyad | 59 | |
| 3194605616 | Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decline of the abbasid dynasty by the ninth century A.D.? | the collapse of cities in the islamic heartland | 60 | |
| 3194605617 | which of the following groups did not revolt against the abbasid rule? | slaves | 61 | |
| 3194605618 | what was the result of the civil wars following the death of al-rashid | succession disputes led to the build up of personal armies, often of slave soldiers | 62 | |
| 3194605619 | which of the following statements concerning the mercenaries armies of the later abbasid era is NOT accurate | despite their tendency toward random violence, the loyally defended the abbasid caliphs | 63 | |
| 3194605620 | what accounts for the disruption of the agricultural economy of the abbasid empire | spiraling taxation, the destruction of the irrigation works and pillaging by mercenary armies led to destruction of and abandonment of many villages | 64 | |
| 3194605621 | what changes occurred during the abbasid period with respect to women | the establishment of the harem | 65 | |
| 3194605622 | between 800-1500 as the frequency and intensity of contact with the outside world increased, which of the following had the most significant impact on sub-saharan africa? | the arrival of Islam | 66 | |
| 3194605623 | What was one major difference between african civilization and other post classical societies? | african civilizations were built somewhat less clearly on prior precedent than was the case in other post-classical societies | 67 | |
| 3194605624 | which of the following statements concerning political and religious universality in africa is most accurate? | neither universal states nor religion characterize africa but both christianity and islam did find adherents | 68 | |
| 3194605625 | african societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration o political power and authority were referred to as | stateless | 69 | |
| 3194605626 | what was the function of secret societies in africa? | because their membership cut across lineage divisions, they acted to maintain stability within the community and diminish clan feuds | 70 | |
| 3194605627 | which of the following statements best describes the indigenous religion of much of sub-saharan africa | animistic religion, belief in the power of natural forces personified deities | 71 | |
| 3194605628 | which of the following statements concerning africa's economy is untrue | much of the region lacked a market economy and was based on self-sufficient agricultural units | 72 | |
| 3194605629 | Which of the following was not a belief shared by practitioners of many indigenous african religions | a moral code based on a supreme god | 73 | |
| 3194605630 | what region of africa was first converted to islam by 700 c.e | north africa | 74 | |
| 3194605631 | the puritanical reform movements of the almovorads and almohadis arose among what groups of people in africa | the berbers, native desert dwellers of north africa | 75 | |
| 3194605632 | which of the following is most correctly seen as a direct continuation of the roman empire? | Byzantine empire | 76 | |
| 3194605633 | the byzantine empire lasted approzimately | 500 - 1450 | 77 | |
| 3194605634 | which of the following territories was always part of the byzantine empire? | balkan peninsula | 78 | |
| 3194605635 | the significance of the byzantine empire included all the following except | the empire's conquest of the ottoman empire and its inclusion of of all the middle east | 79 | |
| 3194605636 | what was the most important "stepchild" of the byzantine empire? | russia | 80 | |
| 3194605637 | which of the following does not represent a similarity between the spread of civilization in eastern and western europe? | northern kingdom dominated both areas | 81 | |
| 3194605638 | which of the following represents a difference between the spread of civilization in eastern and western europe | they produced different versions of christianity, culturally as well and organizationally separate | 82 | |
| 3194605639 | the capital of the byzantine empire and its commercial center was located at | constantinople | 83 | |
| 3194605640 | the emperor responsible for a surge in construction in constantinople was | constantine | 84 | |
| 3194605641 | what was the difference in the military organization of Byzantine and western roman empires? | the byzantine empire recruited armies from the middle east | 85 | |
| 3194605642 | the post classical period in western history between the fall of roman empire and the 15th century is referred to as | middle ages | 86 | |
| 3194605643 | which of the following statements concerning the impact of christianity on polytheistic religion in western europe is most accurate | the process of conversion produced a religious blend in which beliefs in magic and supernatural spirits coexisted with christianity | 87 | |
| 3194605644 | following the fall of rome, where was the center of the post-classical west | the central plains in northern europe | 88 | |
| 3194605645 | who were the scandinavian invaders who disrupted the development of durable political institutions in the medieval west until the 10th century | vikings | 89 | |
| 3194605646 | which of the following statements concerning intellectual activity of the medieval west prior to the 8th century | with the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts | 90 | |
| 3194605647 | the system that was described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers was called | manorialism | 91 | |
| 3194605648 | agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of the aristocratic landowners were called | serfs | 92 | |
| 3194605649 | which of the following statements concerning the agricultural laborers of the medieval west is not true | they could be bought and sold by their landlors | 93 | |
| 3194605650 | the moldboard was | a technological innovation, a plow that allowed deeper turning of the soil | 94 | |
| 3194605651 | which of the following statements about the manorial system is not true | it was technologically unsophisticated | 95 | |
| 3194605652 | during the post classical period, societies in the americas | remained entirely separate from those of the old west | 96 | |
| 3194605653 | which of the following was not characteristic of american civilization during the post classical period | monotheistic practices | 97 | |
| 3194605654 | the northern nomadic people who entered central mexico following the decline of teotihuacan were the | toltecs | 98 | |
| 3194605655 | the toltec capital was established at | Tula | 99 | |
| 3194605656 | what was the relationship between the toltecs and their predecessors in central mexico | the toltecs adopted many cultural features from their predecessors to which they added a strong military ethic and human sacrifice | 100 | |
| 3194605657 | how did aztecs view the cultural achievements of the toltecs | as the givers of civilization | 101 | |
| 3194605658 | the toltec empire lasted until | 1150 | 102 | |
| 3194605659 | after the sack of tula, the center of population and political power in mexico shifted to | the valley of mexico and the shores of chain of lakes in that basin | 103 | |
| 3194605660 | the people who succeeded the toltecs were the | aztecs | 104 | |
| 3194605661 | around what year did the aztecs migrate to the central valley of mexico? | 1325 | 105 | |
| 3194605662 | the period of political disorder and chaotic warfare that followed the Qin-han era is referred to as the | era of division | 106 | |
| 3194605663 | what was the capital of the southern song dynasty | hangzhou | 107 | |
| 3194605664 | which of the following statements concerning urbanization in china during the tang song era is most accurate | chinese urbanization mushroomed during the the tang-song era with higher proportion of population living in cities | 108 | |
| 3194605665 | the dynasty that ended the period of political chaos after the fall of the qin-han was the | Sui | 109 | |
| 3194605666 | the made possible the rapid revival of empire under the Tang? | the rebuilding of the bureaucracy using confucian ideology | 110 | |
| 3194605667 | the man responsible for the creation of the sui dynasty was | Wendi | 111 | |
| 3194605668 | which kingdom was conquered by Wendi in 589? | Chen | 112 | |
| 3194605669 | what made the reunification of China under the first sui emperor possible? | the support of the nomadic warrior elite | 113 | |
| 3194605670 | what was the primary reform enacted during the reign of the first sui emperor | the creation of graineries to relieve the threat of famine | 114 | |
| 3194605671 | unlike his father, the second sui emperor favored | the confucian scholar gentry class | 115 | |
| 3194605672 | what regions of Asia were most drawn to chinese cultural and political models | the agrarian societies in the east and south | 116 | |
| 3194605673 | when did the chinese influence on japan peak | 7th and 8th century b.c.e. | 117 | |
| 3194605674 | what is the name of the nature spirits of japan? | Kami | 118 | |
| 3194605675 | what religion played a key role in the transmission of chinese civilization to japan | Buddhism | 119 | |
| 3194605676 | in which of the following japanese periods was chinese cultural influence most significant? | Taika | 120 | |
| 3194605677 | what were the reforms enacted in 646 that intended to thoroughly incorporate chinese culture and political structure in japanese society | taika | 121 | |
| 3194605678 | what was the central purpose of the reforms of 646 in japan | to remake the japanese monarch into an absolutist chines-style emperor | 122 | |
| 3194605679 | what group so threatened the security of the japanese imperial family that they in the 8th century moved to heian? | buddhist monks | 123 | |
| 3194605680 | what was the immediate impact of the imperial move to heian? | the aristocracy was restored to counterbalance the power of the buddhist monasteries and took over most of the positions in the central government | 124 | |
| 3194605681 | what was the military organization of the heian government in japan | local members of the aristocracy were ordered to organize militia forces | 125 | |
| 3194605682 | during what period did the nomads of central asia impact the other global civilizations of the eastern hemispheres? | 1200 to 1400 | 126 | |
| 3194605683 | in most ways, the mongols epitomized what type of society and culture? | nomadic | 127 | |
| 3194605684 | what was the basic unit of mongol society | the tribe | 128 | |
| 3194605685 | which of the following statements concerning leadership in mongol society is most correct | leaders were elected by free males and held office for as long as they could keep it | 129 | |
| 3194605686 | in the early 12th century, the qin kingdom of northern china was defeated by a mongol confederation under teh leadership of | kublai khan | 130 | |
| 3194605687 | which of the following statements concerning chiggis khan's early life is most accurate? | following his father's death, he was abandoned by many followers and captured by a rival tribe | 131 | |
| 3194605688 | chinggis khan was elected khagan (supreme ruler) of the mongol tribes in what year | 1206 | 132 | |
| 3194605689 | the mongol military forces were | entirely calvary | 133 | |
| 3194605690 | mongol armies were divided into units called | tumens | 134 | |
| 3194605691 | which of the following weapons was NOT part of the arsenal of the mongol army under chingiss khan | chain mail | 135 | |
| 3194605692 | which of the following was not a symptom of the decline in the arabic caliphate by 1400 | the decline of the sufis | 136 | |
| 3194605693 | by what date had the arabs been virtually excluded from european trade | 1100 | 137 | |
| 3194605694 | which of the following statements concerning arab trade after 1100 is most accurate | although arabic trade was reduced, muslims remained active in world markets | 138 | |
| 3194605695 | which of the following statements about the political fragmentation of the arabic world in the 1400s is the most accurate | after the fall of the abbasid caliphate, the emerging ottoman empire soon mastered most of the lands of the old caliphate plus the byzantine corner | 139 | |
| 3194605696 | which of the following statements concerning the ottoman empire is most accurate | the expansionist power of the ottoman empire was very real but the focus was on conquest and administration overshadowed wider commercial ambitions | 140 | |
| 3194605697 | what area represented a new conquest for the ottoman empire in the late 1400s? | southeastern europe | 141 | |
| 3194605698 | which of the following statements concerning teh ottoman empire is most accurate | turkish rulers did not promote maritime trade as vigorously as the arabs | 142 | |
| 3194605699 | which of the following civilizations first attempted to fill the commercial vacuum created by the decline in arabic trade | china | 143 | |
| 3194605700 | what chinese dynasty succeeded the mongol yuan dynasty in china | Ming | 144 | |
| 3194605701 | what was the innovation launched by the ming dynasty? | mounting huge state sponsored trading expeditions throughout asia and beyond | 145 |
