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| 11871056477 | Effects of Harnessing Fire | ability to sterilize food, protect against predators, adapt to cold weather, tell stories/ share information, bring people together | 0 | |
| 11871061834 | The Worst Mistake in the World | Agriculture: It disestablished equality. | 1 | |
| 11871061835 | Monotheism | belief in only one God | 2 | |
| 11871065463 | Patriarchal Society | society in which men rule their families, and people trace their origins through male ancestors | 3 | |
| 11871074509 | Code of Hammurabi | eye for an eye | 4 | |
| 11871083454 | Paleolithic Humans vs Neolithic Humans | Paleolithic Humans: Pastoral nomads who migrate constantly and rely on hunting the animals they follow Neolithic Humans: Started to establish settlements, inequality, and classes with the introduction of agriculture | 5 | |
| 11871091581 | What events signify the beginning and ending of the Middle Ages? | Beginning: Fall of Rome Ending: Renaissance | 6 | |
| 11871099943 | Why are the Middle Ages often referred to as the Dark Ages? | literacy rates were low, society was reverting back to previous ways, advancements were slowing, and Europe was plagued with the Black Death | 7 | |
| 11871099944 | Christianity | A religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus | 8 | |
| 11871111831 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles get land from the king in exchange for loyalty and military service | 9 | |
| 11871212892 | Serfs | an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate | 10 | |
| 11877409091 | Fiefs | an estate of land | 11 | |
| 11877413060 | Vassal | a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance | 12 | |
| 11871117723 | One major effects of the Crusades | 1) Christians brought Muslim advancements back to Europe 2) Increased authority of the king 3) Increased trade in Europe | 13 | |
| 11871122837 | Significance of Charlemagne | United much of Western Europe during the early Middle Ages | 14 | |
| 11871122838 | Battle of Tours | European armies defeat Muslim armies and stop the spread of Islam in Europe | 15 | |
| 11871132225 | What happened at the Council of Clermont? | Pope Urban II called for a holy war to free the Holy Land. | 16 | |
| 11871139397 | Who was a typical Crusader and why? | any male who wasn't the oldest son because they were not going to receive an inheritance when their parents passed | 17 | |
| 11871142520 | Charles Martel | A Frankish leader who rallied warriors to push Muslims out of France | 18 | |
| 11871151708 | How were the vikings able to conquer so many lands? | they executed well-planned, surprise attacks, were skilled fighters, and had ships that could travel far inland quickly | 19 | |
| 11871151709 | Two effects of the vikings | 1) Vikings brought domestic items abroad to trade (ex: fur) 2) They led exploration and are known as extraordinary craftsmen. | 20 | |
| 11871164158 | Social Structure of Medieval Japan | The Feudal System: 1) emperor- treated as a god 2) shogun- general 3) daimyo- private landowners 4) samurai- skilled warriors 5) peasants/ farmers- farmers were highly respected | 21 | |
| 11871169558 | Commodore Matthew Perry | A navy commander who became the first foreigner to break through the barriers that had kept Japan isolated from the rest of the world for 250 years. | 22 | |
| 11871180134 | Cause of Meiji Restoration | 1) Internal problems in Japan made ruling difficult 2) The feudal system was decaying, and factions were growing; the emperor wanted unity 3) The emperor wanted to Westernize Japan | 23 | |
| 11871184794 | Effects of Meiji Restoration | 1) Japan became open to trade 2) Japan became Industrialized | 24 | |
| 11871184795 | Samurai | Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land. | 25 | |
| 11871200580 | Bushido | Warrior code of honor | 26 | |
| 11871207202 | Kamikaze | "devine wind" - the gods helping Japan | 27 | |
| 11871223099 | Seppuku | ritual suicide | 28 | |
| 11871228995 | Compare Medieval Japan to Medieval Europe | Both fractured into small states and were ruled by local nobles. - different social structures -peasantry was treated better in Japan | 29 | |
| 11871239510 | Civilian occupation of the Mongols | pastoral nomads | 30 | |
| 11871242230 | 2 effects of the Mongols | 1) Trade increased 2) Disease spread | 31 | |
| 11871246026 | Tolerance of the Mongols | Religious tolerance as long as they surrendered | 32 | |
| 11871253698 | Why did people surrender to the Mongols without a fight? | They were very brutal | 33 | |
| 11871260211 | Which great city was sacked by the Mongols in 1258? | Baghdad | 34 | |
| 11871267682 | Why did the Mongols migrate out of their original territory? | There wasn't enough food for them. (climate change) | 35 | |
| 11871283608 | What was the key to the Mongols military success? | horseback riding adaptability bow and arrow | 36 | |
| 11871333421 | How did the Mongols communicate with far reaching places within their empire? | oral messenger system | 37 | |
| 11871340266 | Effect the Mongols had on Russia | The Mongols shaped Russia into a farming economy and prevented trade. Russian culture turned toward the East with language, art, and religion. | 38 | |
| 11871355329 | How was the Black Plague spread? | Fleas on rats Trade | 39 | |
| 11871358805 | 2 effects of the Black Plague | 1) population decrease in Europe 2)Increase in wages for peasants | 40 | |
| 11871361706 | Vernacular | the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region | 41 | |
| 11871361707 | Scholasticism | A medieval philosophical and theological system that tried to reconcile faith and reason | 42 | |
| 11871366143 | Humanism | A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements | 43 | |
| 11871370203 | Who wrote the Prince? | Machiavelli | 44 | |
| 11871376496 | How did the Prince instruct a king to rule? | The ends justify the means | 45 | |
| 11871384828 | What does it mean to be a Renaissance man? | to be skilled in many arts | 46 | |
| 11871388416 | Where did the Renaissance begin and why? | Italy; major center for trade | 47 | |
| 11871394113 | Who invented the printing press and how did it impact literacy? | Gutenberg Increase literacy | 48 | |
| 11871400890 | What is the significance of the Medici Family? | They were patrons of the arts in florence | 49 | |
| 11871411212 | Major works of art completed by Michelangelo, DaVinci, and Raphael | Michelangelo- David and the Sistine Chapel DaVinci- Mona Lisa and the Last Supper Raphael- Stanza della Segnatura and Stanza d'Eliodoro (known for madonnas and compositions in the Vatican) | 50 | |
| 11871411213 | Vasco de Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 51 | |
| 11871417337 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. | 52 | |
| 11871417338 | SIr Frances Drake | first Englishman to sail around the world | 53 | |
| 11871422292 | Henry Hudson | English navigator who discovered the Hudson River | 54 | |
| 11871422293 | Amerigo Vespucci | Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America - America is named after him | 55 | |
| 11871426614 | Marco Polo | Italian explorer who wrote about his travels to Central Asia and China. | 56 | |
| 11871431170 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China | 57 | |
| 11871433951 | Prince Henry the Navigator | The Portuguese Prince that gave steadfast financial and moral support to the navigators -established school | 58 | |
| 11871433952 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico | 59 | |
| 11871437515 | Fransisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531-1533. | 60 | |
| 11871448354 | The fall of this city to the Muslim Turks caused Europeans to look for a new route to Asia | Constantinople | 61 | |
| 11871456651 | La Malinche | She is considered a traitor by modern day Mexico. Her people were enslaved and she served as a translator and guide to Hernán Cortés. She helped the Spanish make their way into Tenochtitlan. | 62 | |
| 11871470549 | Why did some natives assist Cortes in defeating the Aztecs? | They didn't like the Aztecs | 63 | |
| 11871477854 | Why did so many natives die out upon the arrival of the European settlers? | The Europeans brought disease (small pox) | 64 | |
| 11871482976 | Three Gs | God gold glory | 65 | |
| 11871487431 | Who was the first in exploration and why? | Portugal -Prince Henry the Navigator -wanted to find a route to Asia by water | 66 | |
| 11871492651 | What were Western European Explorers looking for originally? | -trading route to Asia | 67 | |
| 11871502352 | What is the Columbian Exchange? 3 items from each side | - a widespread exchange of animals, plants, human populations, disease, and ideas between the Americas and European explorers America: cotton, corn, potato Europe: cows, horses, wheat | 68 | |
| 11871508552 | How was the caravel instrumental in exploration? | Its sails allowed for wind to be caught from any direction. - easy to maneuver | 69 | |
| 11871517470 | Encomienda System | Spain awarded land grants and native workers to any spaniard who would settle in "New Spain" - Spaniards would teacch natives catholicism | 70 | |
| 11871527235 | How did the Treaty of Tordesillas impact European settlements in North and South America? | Determined what part of North and South America would be owned by Spain and Portugal -affected their language and culture | 71 | |
| 11871530603 | Ocean Gyre | Large system of circular ocean currents formed by global wind patterns and forces created by Earth's rotation | 72 | |
| 11871540368 | Why did Columbus think he could reach Asia by sailing west and why did he choose 1492? | -no one knew how large the world was -He was determined to find a direct water route west from Europe to Asia He chose 1492 because it was when Ferdinand and Isabella would finance his mission. -end of the reconquista | 73 | |
| 11871544821 | Significance of Potosi and Pesos de Ocho | Potosi- mountain of silver Pesos de Ocho- allowed for a common currency to be established -trade increase | 74 | |
| 12075883996 | 404 BC | Peloponnesian War ends -Macedonia conquers greece | 75 | |
| 12075893494 | 146 BC | Punic Wars end -Carthage is destroyed | 76 | |
| 12075904950 | 44 BC | Julius Caesar assassinated -beginning of Roman Empire | 77 | |
| 12075909680 | 33 CE | Death of Jesus -prophecy fulfilled | 78 | |
| 12075915166 | 313 CE | Edict of Milan -religious freedom (Christianity grows) | 79 | |
| 12075930029 | 476 CE | Fall of Rome -Dark Ages | 80 | |
| 12075946808 | 632 CE | Death of Muhammad -Islam divides (Sunni and Shia) | 81 | |
| 12075955640 | 711 CE | Islamic Conquest of Spain -Moors rule for years | 82 | |
| 12075968907 | 732 CE | Battle of Tours -stopped the spread of Islam in Europe | 83 | |
| 12075979142 | 800 CE | Coronation of Charlemagne -united Western Europe | 84 | |
| 12075987914 | 1095 CE | First Crusade -Series of wars followed | 85 | |
| 12075996369 | 1258 CE | Sack of Baghdad -end of golden age of islam | 86 | |
| 12076006997 | 1347 CE | Plague hits Europe -deaths and end of feudal system | 87 | |
| 12076016995 | 1453 CE | Fall of Constantinople -Age of Exploration | 88 | |
| 12076031191 | 1455 CE | Gutenberg Bible -Christianity spreads and literacy rates increase | 89 | |
| 12076044281 | 1492 CE | Reconquista of Spain -Moors were defeated by Christians | 90 | |
| 12076056510 | 1517 CE | Martin Luther posts 95 Theses -Protestant Reformation | 91 |
