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| 7020003299 | Paleolithic | Old Stone Age, about 2 million years; use of stone and hunting and gathering | 0 | |
| 7020325822 | homo sapiens sapiens | the human species that was most successful during the Paleolithic period | 1 | |
| 7020328860 | Where did humans first develop? | Africa | 2 | |
| 7020330732 | Mesolithic | middle stone age; human ability rapidly improved, as well as population growth; Ice Age just ended | 3 | |
| 7020333271 | Neolithic | New Stone Age; period of agricultural development; plants and animals domesticated; agriculture developed while hunting declined | 4 | |
| 7020336785 | Neolithic Revolution | converted many people into using forms of agriculture instead of hunting and gathering | 5 | |
| 7020338833 | Bronze Age | bronze tools were used to replace stone tools and materials; toolmakers were specialized- more people could work on crafting | 6 | |
| 7020341860 | nomads | people who moved from place to place in search of food, shelter, and peaceful living | 7 | |
| 7020347477 | Religion of nomads | animals were used as sacrifices | 8 | |
| 7020358232 | Why were nomads feared? | More time to train for battle, so they became famous for invasions; size of herd calculated who became the leader of the tribe | 9 | |
| 7020365907 | Indus River | river sources as Himalayas to mouth in Arabian sea; location of Harappan civilization | 10 | |
| 7020367503 | Harappa | along with Mohenjo Daro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern -extensive trade with Mesopotamia -elaborate facilities(running water, buildings, baths) -distinctive art and alphabet -trade using stones -priests were highly regarded -prone to attack | 11 | |
| 7020375529 | Why did Harappa decline? | decline resulted from large amounts of flooding, migrations from other groups, and invasions | 12 | |
| 7020385566 | Vedic and Epic Ages | time of transition from Harappan civilization; cultural developments such as poems were insightful to the period | 13 | |
| 7020387305 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society; originally from Central Asia -developed agriculture in India and used iron tools -traditions became part of Indian society | 14 | |
| 7020391518 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century BCE; comes from the Sanskrit word meaning "knowledge" | 15 | |
| 7020393573 | Mahabharata | Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries BCE; previously handed down in oral form | 16 | |
| 7020395767 | Ramayana | one of the greatest epic tales from the classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita, written 4th to 2nd centuries BCE | 17 | |
| 7020397997 | Upanishads | later books of the Vedas; contained sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by the Brahmans to restore religious authority | 18 | |
| 7020400874 | Civilization | societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of non- farming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups -form of human organization -first developed in Mesopotamia | 19 | |
| 7020405663 | 4 distinctive features of civilization | -greater amounts of food surpluses -developed formal governments -writing- enhanced communication -cities began to form | 20 | |
| 7020407909 | Mesopotamia | between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers | 21 | |
| 7020408912 | Sumerians | people who migrated into Mesopotamia; the people who created the first civilization within a region; first people to organize an area into city- states | 22 | |
| 7020410917 | polytheists | believed in more than one god | 23 | |
| 7020412061 | cuneiform | the first known form of human writing developed by the Sumerians; clay tablets and stylus; pictures represent objects and sounds | 24 | |
| 7020414208 | Developments in Mesopotamia | -astronomy, advanced knowledge of math, provided a calendar -art improved with statues and painting | 25 | |
| 7020417221 | ziggurats | massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes; first form of large architecture | 26 | |
| 7020421277 | city-states | ruled by a king who claimed divine authority -kings became military leaders -kings, noble class, and the priesthood owned land which was worked by slaves | 27 | |
| 7020438000 | patriarchal society | women began to have less rights; less laws protected women and more protected men | 28 | |
| 7020441332 | Who took over the Sumerians, and who took over them? | Sumerians were taken over by the Akkadians, and the Akkadians were taken over by the Babylonians | 29 | |
| 7020442618 | Babylonians | unified all of Mesopotamia; empire collapsed due to foreign invasion 200 years after it was taken over -spread the idea of civilization to the Middle East | 30 | |
| 7020445926 | King Hammurabi | the most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for the codification of law | 31 | |
| 7020447145 | codification of law | promoted the welfare of the people; established courts and one of the first justice systems; punishments were harsh (eye for eye) | 32 | |
| 7020451179 | Who took over the Babylonians? | Babylonians were taken over by the Assyrians and the Persians, who created new empires in the Middle East | 33 | |
| 7020452651 | Pharoh | title of a king of ancient Egypt -seen as godlike | 34 | |
| 7020453788 | pyramids | monumental architecture used as burial sites for pharohs -sign of royal power | 35 | |
| 7020457356 | Kush | an African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 36 | |
| 7020464324 | Central America in 7000-5000 BCE | -cultivation of maize, beans, squash, and peppers -potato in the Andes mountains | 37 | |
| 7020467671 | The Olmecs | -1500 BCE -coastal area on the Gulf of Mexico -irrigation system, cities, writing system -complex religion | 38 | |
| 7020471527 | When did the Olmecs decline? | 800 BCE | 39 | |
| 7020473951 | Chavin and the Andean World | 1800-1200 BCE -near the Andes mountains -irrigation system, pottery making, jewelry, textiles, ceramics | 40 | |
| 7020477178 | When did the Andean civilization decline? | 300 BCE | 41 | |
| 7020478897 | River Valley Civilization Achievements | -wheel -taming of horses -well-organized monarchies -legal codes -writing systems -calendars | 42 | |
| 7020481753 | Phoenicians | 1300 BCE; simplified the alphabet and improved Egyptian numbering system -Emerged in the middle east, but they would travel by boat and set up colonies throughout the Mediterranean | 43 | |
| 7020485964 | Judaism | 1200 BCE; monotheistic; ethical behavior -believed they were the chosen people, because religion was a way of life | 44 | |
| 7020490776 | Code of Ur-Nammu | Sumerian law code; oldest known law code surviving today | 45 | |
| 7020495104 | Achievements | -art was cheerful -hieroglyphics -24 hour day -pyramids -agricultural surplus | 46 | |
| 7020499063 | Huanghe Civilizations | irrigation well regulated for floor prone rivers: Yangzi and Huanghe | 47 | |
| 7020501780 | Advanced technology of the Huanghe civilization | -ride horses -pottery -bronze, iron, and coal -ideographic symbols -astronomy -delicate designs in art | 48 | |
| 7020505351 | Zhou Dynasty | 1029-700 BCE -alliances with land owning families (feudal period) -move to Yangzi river basin for population growth and trade -military skills, rituals, and traditions were lost | 49 | |
| 7020509048 | Mandate and Heaven | divine support for their rule | 50 | |
| 7020510049 | Post Zhou China | -political fragmentation occurs -landlords begin to disregard the government -Qin dynasty emerges as leading power over China | 51 | |
| 7020513182 | Family Solidarity in Ancient China | -family needs go above the individual -death does not weaken familial bonds (Ancestor worship) -Confucianism (respect for parents, older relatives) | 52 | |
| 7020518009 | feudal period | decentralized system of government; several rulers all from different families; used in the Zhou dynasty | 53 | |
| 7020542973 | Dao | a way for people to relate to the idea that opposites balance; yin and yang, hot and cold | 54 | |
| 7020544993 | Shi Huangdi | founder of the brief Qin dynasty -Legalist ruler (brutal but effective) -initiated the building of the Great Wall | 55 | |
| 7020547565 | Qin dynasty | dynasty established at the end of the Warring States period following the decline of the Zhou dynasty -national cencus -standardized coinage -uniform writing - furthered agriculture, irrigation projects, and silk manufacturing | 56 | |
| 7020549991 | Han dynasty | Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin; ruled for 400 years - built the most effective bureaucracy in the world | 57 | |
| 7020560070 | Sons of Heaven | the emperors that provided the mandate of heaven for the Chinese people | 58 | |
| 7020570082 | decline of the Qin | -Shi Huangde= unpopular -built massive tomb with hundreds of clay warriors -massive uprising after his death | 59 | |
| 7020573678 | Confucious | major Chinese philosopher born in the 6th century BCE; author of Analects; philosophy based on needs for restoration of order through advice of superior men to be found among the shi -order without speculation -not a religious leader -emphasize traditions -respect social superiors | 60 | |
| 7020580952 | Emperor Wudi | famous Han ruler | 61 | |
| 7020583359 | What was the literature, art, and science like for Confucius? | -civil service exams -learn and write poetry -calligraphy, painting, bronze, pottery, jade, ivory, and silk screens | 62 | |
| 7020585812 | What was the difference between the Qin and Han? | Qin focused on centralized government while Han focused on decentralized government | 63 | |
| 7020592785 | Legalism | -disdained Confucian virtues in favor of authority -human nature was evil and required restraint -Qin and Han periods | 64 | |
| 7020595364 | Daoism | -traditional beliefs like harmony with nature -Laozi (must withdraw from the world to explore nature) -Confucian scholars disagreed with Daoism -government incorporated loyalty | 65 | |
| 7020601604 | the Confucian social system | -landowning aristocracy and bureaucrats (Shi=scholar- gentry) -laborers = peasants and artisans -not in favor of moneymaking (more for political service) -mean people= unskilled, performers, slaves | 66 | |
| 7020605888 | Xi'An | Han Capital | 67 | |
| 7020607975 | Why is there little trade in the Han and Zhou dynasties? | little respect for trade and merchants | 68 | |
| 7020609548 | primogeniture | the right of succession belonging to the firstborn child, especially the feudal rule by which the whole estate passed down to the eldest son | 69 | |
| 7020610827 | Ethnocentrism | isolation -surrounding peoples were inferior -no missionaries -Buddhism is an exception | 70 | |
| 7020615724 | Confucianism vs. Daoism | -antagonism: attacks on politics in the name of Daoism -combination of Confucianism and Chinese penal system (strict policing) | 71 | |
| 7020630372 | Brahmans | Vedic priests; became the leaders of the society | 72 | |
| 7020631155 | Buddha | creator of a major Indian and Asia religion; born in the 6th Century BCE as son of a local ruler among Aryan tribes located near the Himalayas; believed in strong self discipline; loved the bo tree; taught that happiness could only be achieved by leaving all material items | 73 | |
| 7020635819 | The Gupta | committed to reasserting Brahman's dominance -believed in Hinduism -achievements in architecture, painting, sculpting, philosophy, literature, and the sciences | 74 | |
| 7020641176 | Alexander the Great | successor of Philip II; successfully conquered the Persian Empire prior to his death; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures | 75 | |
| 7020643304 | Himalayas | mountain region marking the northern border of the Indian subcontinent; Aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms on warrior republics | 76 | |
| 7020645191 | Monsoons | seasonal winds crossing the Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia; during summer bring rains | 77 | |
| 7020647630 | Sanskrit | the sacred and classical Indian language | 78 | |
| 7020648505 | Varnas | clusters of caste groups in Aryan society; four social castes: brahmans, warriors, merchants, and peasants; beneath four Aryan castes was a group of socially untouchable Dasas | 79 | |
| 7020652566 | Untouchables | low social caste in Hindu culture; performed tasks that were considered polluting; street sweeping, removal of human waste, and tanning -marriage between castes was forbidden | 80 | |
| 7020655241 | Jati | groups inside the castes giving each group a specific job | 81 | |
| 7020675080 | Indra | chief deity of the Aryans; depicted as colossal, hard- drinking warrior | 82 | |
| 7020679675 | Chandragupta Maurya | founder of Maurya dynasty; established the first empire in the Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization; autocratic ruler -322 BCE | 83 | |
| 7020687880 | Mauryan | dynasty established in the Indian subcontinent in 4th century BCE following invasions of Alexander the Great -first rulers to unify the subcontinent -large armies -somewhat bureaucracy, mostly autocratic | 84 | |
| 7020698491 | Ashoka | grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquests of the Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored the spread of new religion throughout his empire; 269-232 BCE -studied nature and was very spiritual -conquests were bloody | 85 | |
| 7020703404 | dharma | the caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept on'e social position and perform that occupation to the best of their ability in order to have a better situation in next life | 86 | |
| 7020706798 | Guptas | dynasty that succeeded the Kushans in 3rd century CE; built an empire that extended to all but the southern regions of Indian subcontinent; less centralized than Mauryan empire -320-535 CE | 87 | |
| 7020724804 | Aryan Gods and Goddesses | -regulated nature and had human qualities -hymns and sacrifices; epic poems reflect after death -bases for Hindu beliefs; unifying force -Gautama Buddha creates Buddha | 88 | |
| 7020746503 | Artha | encourages political and economic goals, and worldly pleasures | 89 | |
| 7020766074 | Hinduims | -no single founder -tolerant and accpeting | 90 | |
| 7020767513 | Brahmanism | early Hinduism; due to leadership roles -always called their religion as dharma | 91 | |
| 7020771086 | Gurus | originally referred to as brahmans who served as teachers for the princes of teh imperiam court of the Guptas | 92 | |
| 7020773253 | Brahma | basic holy essence; formed part of everything in the world | 93 | |
| 7020775210 | Vishnu | the brahman, later Hindu, god of sacrifice, the preserver; largely worshipped | 94 | |
| 7020776899 | Shiva | Hindu, god of destruction and reproduction; worshiped as the personification of cosmic forces | 95 | |
| 7020778532 | Reincarnation | the successive attachment of the soul to some animate form according to merits earned in a previous lives | 96 | |
| 7020782862 | What must a person to to enter into a good life? | -cremation of the body at death -prayers and obedience to cows -following life patterns assigned to a caste | 97 | |
| 7020785653 | Nirvana | the Buddhist state of enlightenment, a state of tranquility | 98 | |
| 7020787986 | Buddism | -stress on meditation and self control -against the caste system -preachers were monks | 99 | |
| 7020790998 | Kamasutra | offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher caste males, including grooming, hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and lovemaking | 100 | |
| 7020795949 | Harsha | rulers who followed the Gupta in India; briefly constructed a loose empire in northern India between 616 adn 657 Ce | 101 | |
| 7020798366 | Rajput | regional princes in western India; emphasized military control of their regions | 102 | |
| 7020801131 | Devi | mother goddess within Hinduism; widely spread following collapse of Guptas; encouraged new emotionalism in religious ritual | 103 | |
| 7020803998 | Islam | major world religion having its origins in 610 CE in the Arabian peninsula; meaning literally submission; based on the prophesy of Muhammad | 104 |
