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| 5622576353 | Babylonian Empire | unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 BCE; collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 BCE | 0 | |
| 5622576354 | band | a level of social organization normally consisting of 20 to 30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis | 1 | |
| 5622576355 | Bronze Age | from about 4000 BCE, when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 BCE, when iron began to replace it | 2 | |
| 5622576356 | Çatal Hüyük | early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; was larger in population than Jericho; had greater degree of social stratification | 3 | |
| 5622576357 | city-state | a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king | 4 | |
| 5622576358 | civilization | societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups | 5 | |
| 5622576359 | cuneiform | a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | 6 | |
| 5622576360 | Hammurabi | the most important ruler of the Babylonian Empire; responsible for codification of law | 7 | |
| 5622576361 | Harappa | along with Mohenjodaro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern | 8 | |
| 5622576362 | Homo sapiens sapiens | the humanoid species that emerged as the most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period | 9 | |
| 5622576363 | Huanghe | also known as the Yellow River; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China | 10 | |
| 5622576364 | ideographs | pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 11 | |
| 5622576365 | Indus River valley | river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization | 12 | |
| 5622576366 | Kush | an African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile c. 1000 BCE; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 13 | |
| 5622576367 | Mesopotamia | literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations taht arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys | 14 | |
| 5622576368 | Mohenjo Daro | along with Harappa, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern | 15 | |
| 5622576369 | monotheism | the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization | 16 | |
| 5622576370 | Neolithic Age | the New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 BCE; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished | 17 | |
| 5622576371 | Neolithic revolution | the succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, 8500-3500 BCE | 18 | |
| 5622576372 | nomads | cattle and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies | 19 | |
| 5622576373 | Paleolithic Age | the Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence | 20 | |
| 5622576374 | pharaoh | title of kings in ancient Egypt; worshipped as a god among men in human form | 21 | |
| 5622576375 | Phoenicians | seafaring civilization located on the hsores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean | 22 | |
| 5622576376 | pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs | 23 | |
| 5622576377 | Shang | first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished from 1600 to 1046 BCE | 24 | |
| 5622576378 | slash and burn agriculture | a system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted | 25 | |
| 5622576379 | Sumerians | people who migrated into Mesopotamia c. 4000 BCE; created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states | 26 | |
| 5622576380 | ziggurats | massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes | 27 |
