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| 3601134997 | Hammurabi ruled over | Babylon from 1792-1750 B.C.E. | 0 | |
| 3607085250 | Hammurabi developed | The earliest written law code | 1 | |
| 3607086626 | Hammurabi's law code established | Rules of procedure for courts of law, regulated property rights, the duties of family members, and criminal punishment | 2 | |
| 3601699054 | P'an Ku was | The mythic ancestor of the Chinese | 3 | |
| 3601720662 | Shangdi was | The supreme being of Shang religion | 4 | |
| 3601134998 | Shi Huangdi founded the | Qin dynasty | 5 | |
| 3607090785 | Shi Huangdi was a | A warrior, strongman, and a tyrant | 6 | |
| 3638331670 | Shi Huangdi promised | An end to the centuries of civil strife following the fall of the Zhou dynasty | 7 | |
| 3638560098 | Shi Huangdi ordered nobles to | Leave their regions and appear at his court | 8 | |
| 3638562090 | Shi Huandi took control over | The feudal states of the aristocrats | 9 | |
| 3638584697 | Shi Huangdi extended Chinese territory and political control | South to Hong Kong on the South China Sea and northern Vietnam | 10 | |
| 3638571053 | Shi Huangdi chose his officials from | Non-aristocratic groups | 11 | |
| 3638576708 | Shi Huangdi chose his officials from non-aristocratic groups so | They would owe their power to him and would not dare develop their own independent bases | 12 | |
| 3638620058 | Shi Huangdi was unpopular because of | His attacks on intellectuals and the high taxes needed for military expansion and the construction of the Great Wall | 13 | |
| 3638618110 | Shi Huangdi felt thinking among his people was | Likely to be subversive to his autocratic rule | 14 | |
| 3638586440 | Shi Huangdi built | The Great Wall in the north | 15 | |
| 3638599796 | Shi Huangdi ordered a | National consensus, which provided data for the calculation of tax revenues and labor service | 16 | |
| 3638701708 | Shi Huangdi provided a | Single law code for the whole empire | 17 | |
| 3638704440 | Shi Huangdi established a uniform | Tax system | 18 | |
| 3638705129 | Shi Huangdi appointed | Governors to each district of his domain, who exercised military and legal powers in the name of the emperor | 19 | |
| 3638359695 | Shi Huangdi was succeeded by | His less capable son and his inner circle of advisors | 20 | |
| 3638538693 | Confucius wrote | An elaborate statement on political ethics | 21 | |
| 3638639046 | Wu Ti enforced | Peace throughout much of Asia | 22 | |
| 3638651909 | Wu Ti urged support for | Confucianism | 23 | |
| 3638652599 | Wu Ti established shrines to | Worship Confucius as a god | 24 | |
| 3638731368 | Wu Ti first established | The civil service exam | 25 | |
| 3638740750 | Wu Ti established | A school to train men of exceptional talent and ability for the national examinations | 26 | |
| 3638860946 | Laozi furthered | Daoism | 27 | |
| 3638862033 | Laozi stressed that | Nature contains a divine impulse that directs all life | 28 | |
| 3648206409 | Indra was | The Indian God of thunder and strength | 29 | |
| 3640291841 | Alexander the Great succeeded | Philip II | 30 | |
| 3640295027 | Alexander the Great successfully conquered | Persia, Greece, and much of the Middle East | 31 | |
| 3640300593 | Alexander the Great attempted to combine | Greek and Persian cultures | 32 | |
| 3640227977 | Alexander the Great invaded | India | 33 | |
| 3640232281 | Alexander the Great did not establish | A durable empire in India | 34 | |
| 3640235620 | Alexander the Great made possible important | Indian contacts with Hellenistic culture | 35 | |
| 3654436519 | Chandragupta Maurya seized power along | The Ganges River | 36 | |
| 3654437593 | Chandragupta Maurya was the first | Of the Maurya dynasty, the first dynasty to unify the Indian subcontinent | 37 | |
| 3654462685 | Chandragupta's style of government was | Highly autocratic, relying on the ruler's personal and military power | 38 | |
| 3654466926 | Chandragupta was constantly surrounded by | Bodyguards | 39 | |
| 3654478127 | Chandragupta Maurya developed the first | Centralized government since Harappa | 40 | |
| 3654440505 | Ashoka was the grandson of | Chandragupta Maurya | 41 | |
| 3654441533 | Ashoka first served as | Governor of two provinces | 42 | |
| 3654442188 | Ashoka lived a | Lavish lifestyle | 43 | |
| 3654444171 | Ashoka was strongly influenced religiously by | Buddhism and the intense spiritualism of the brahman religion | 44 | |
| 3654479829 | Ashoka's style of government was | Bloodthirsty | 45 | |
| 3654481429 | Ashoka later converted to | Buddhism | 46 | |
| 3654482443 | Ashoka extended | Mauryan conquests | 47 | |
| 3654484120 | Ashoka sponsored | Hindu shrines and an extensive road network dotted with wells and rest stops for travelers | 48 | |
| 3654486707 | Ashoka sent Buddhist missionaries to | Hellenistic kingdoms in the Middle East and Sri Lanka | 49 | |
| 3654488963 | The "new" Ashoka urged | Human behavior on the part of his officials | 50 | |
| 3654490264 | Ashoka worked to improve | Trade and communication | 51 | |
| 3654508715 | Kanishka ruled over | The Kushans | 52 | |
| 3654508716 | Kanishka invaded | India | 53 | |
| 3654509273 | Kanishka converted to | Buddhism | 54 | |
| 3654548028 | Kautilya was | The political advisor of Chandragupta Maurya | 55 | |
| 3662278428 | Shiva was | The Hindu god of destruction and reproduction | 56 | |
| 3662278429 | Vishnu was | The Hindu god of sacrifice | 57 | |
| 3662485882 | Cyrus the Great established the empire of | Persia | 58 | |
| 3662488767 | Cyrus the Great allowed some areas of the Persian Empire to | Preserve older traditions | 59 | |
| 3662493866 | Darius succeeded | Cyrus the Great | 60 | |
| 3662494340 | Darius worked hard to | Centralize laws and tax collection | 61 | |
| 3662505754 | Zoroaster was the religious leader of | Zoroastrianism | 62 | |
| 3662506313 | Zoroaster revised the polytheistic religious tradition of the Sumerians through the introduction of | Monotheism | 63 | |
| 3662506622 | Zoroaster banned | Animal sacrifice and the use of intoxicants | 64 | |
| 3662507047 | Zoroaster introduced the idea of | Individual salvation through the free choice of God over the spirit of evil | 65 | |
| 3662508152 | Zoroaster and his followers saw life as | A battle between good and evil | 66 | |
| 3662532503 | Pericles dominated | Athenian politics | 67 | |
| 3662532821 | Pericles was | An aristocrat | 68 | |
| 3662533320 | Pericles ruled through | Wise influence and negotiation rather than official position | 69 | |
| 3662534424 | Pericles was part of a democratic structure in which | Each citizen could participate in city-state assemblies to select officials and pass laws | 70 | |
| 3662535522 | Pericles helped restrain | Some of the more aggressive views of the Athenian democrats, who urged even further expansion of the empire to garner more wealth and build the economy | 71 | |
| 3662537133 | Philip II of Macedon conquered | Rest of Greece | 72 | |
| 3662538835 | The son of Philip II of Macedon extended the Macedonian Empire through | The Middle East, across Persia to the border of India, and southward through Egypt | 73 | |
| 3662539824 | Hannibal was a | Brilliant Carthaginian general during the Second Punic War | 74 | |
| 3662540848 | Hannibal successfully invaded | Italy, but failed to conquer Rome, where he was defeated | 75 | |
| 3662539476 | Julius Caesar was a | Roman general | 76 | |
| 3662541446 | Julius Caesar conquered | Gaul | 77 | |
| 3662541733 | Julius Caesar overthrew | The Roman republic | 78 | |
| 3662542375 | Julius Caesar was eventually | Assassinated by conservative senators | 79 | |
| 3662544562 | Augustus Caesar was the grandnephew of | Julius Caesar | 80 | |
| 3662539666 | Augustus Caesar defeated | Mark Antony and Cleopatra | 81 | |
| 3662543278 | Augustus Caesar was the first | Emperor of Rome | 82 | |
| 3662540219 | Diocletian ruled over | Rome | 83 | |
| 3662546737 | Diocletian restored later empire by | Improved administration and tax collection | 84 | |
| 3669209851 | Diocletian attempted to direct | Political loyalties to his own person | 85 | |
| 3662546330 | Constantine ruled over | Rome | 86 | |
| 3662540678 | Constantine established the second Roman capital at | Constantinople to regulate the eastern half of the empire | 87 | |
| 3662566407 | Constantine adopted | Christianity | 88 | |
| 3662547315 | Constantine attempted to use the religious force of | Christianity to unify empire spiritually | 89 | |
| 3662596496 | Cicero was a | Roman writer, philosopher, and an active Senator | 90 | |
| 3662640312 | Aristotle was a | Greek philosopher | 91 | |
| 3662640579 | Aristotle taught | Alexander the Great | 92 | |
| 3662641459 | Aristotle's knowledge was based on | Observation of phenomena in material world | 93 | |
| 3662646686 | Aristotle stressed the importance of | Moderation and balance in human behavior as opposed to the instability of much political life and the excesses of the gods themselves | 94 | |
| 3662652735 | Socrates was | An Athenian philosopher | 95 | |
| 3662653118 | Socrates tutored | Plato | 96 | |
| 3662653313 | Socrates urged | Rational reflection of moral decisions | 97 | |
| 3662655281 | Socrates encouraged his students to | Question conventional wisdom | 98 | |
| 3662653789 | Socrates was eventually | Condemned to death for corrupting the minds of Athenian youth | 99 | |
| 3662678159 | Sophocles was a writer of | Greek tragedies | 100 | |
| 3662675576 | Sophocles was the author of | Oedipus Rex | 101 | |
| 3668139574 | Devi was | The mother goddess of Hinduism | 102 | |
| 3668146993 | The idea of Devi spread widely after | The collapse of the Guptas | 103 | |
| 3668149495 | Devi encouraged | A new popular emotionalism in religious ritual | 104 | |
| 3668178835 | Allah was | The supreme god of strictly monotheistic Islam | 105 | |
| 3603144539 | Ivan III (the Great) claimed succession from | The Rurik dynasty | 106 | |
| 3607119179 | Ivan III (the Great) claimed | An earlier tradition of centralized rule dating back to the Rurik dynasty and Byzantine precedents | 107 | |
| 3607093622 | Ivan III (the Great) organized a strong army and | Freed Russia from the Tatars by 1462 | 108 | |
| 3607094390 | Ivan III (the Great) married | The niece of the last Byzantine emperor | 109 | |
| 3607095592 | Ivan III (the Great) was the first | Tsar | 110 | |
| 3607096276 | Ivan III (the Great) asserted control over | All Orthodox churches, in Russia or not | 111 | |
| 3607123148 | Ivan III (the Great) launched diplomatic missions to | The Western states | 112 | |
| 3607147026 | During times of expansion both Ivan III and Ivan IV recruited | Cossacks motivated by the escape from serfdom | 113 | |
| 3603174616 | Ivan IV (the Terrible) promoted | Tsarist autocracy | 114 | |
| 3607098172 | Ivan IV (the Terrible) killed | His son and heir, as well as many boyars he believed to be conspiring against him | 115 | |
| 3607099888 | Ivan IV (the Terrible) was successful in | Conquest | 116 | |
| 3607100366 | Ivan IV (the Terrible) died without | An heir, leading to the Time of Troubles | 117 | |
| 3603192430 | Michael Romanov reestablished | Internal power in Russia | 118 | |
| 3603195673 | Alexis Romanov succeeded | Michael Romanov | 119 | |
| 3607101404 | Alexis Romanov abolished | Assemblies of nobles | 120 | |
| 3607101736 | Alexis Romanov exiled | Old Believers to Siberia or southern Russia | 121 | |
| 3607102764 | Under Alexis Romanov, restrictions over serfs | tightened, with new laws binding peasants to the land and restricting their opportunities to travel | 122 | |
| 3607149457 | The policies of Alexis Romanov resumed the | Orthodox tradition of state control over the church | 123 | |
| 3603203499 | Peter I (the Great) was the son of | Alexis Romanov imitated Western military, economy, and culture | 124 | |
| 3607172265 | Peter I (the Great) extended his predecessors' policies of | Building up tsarist control and expanding Russian territory | 125 | |
| 3607104365 | Peter I (the Great) imitated | Western military, economy, and culture | 126 | |
| 3607126088 | Peter I (the Great) traveled in the West to | Recruit Western allies for a crusade against Turkish power in Europe | 127 | |
| 3607153991 | Peter I (the Great) recruited bureaucrats from | Outside aristocratic ranks and gave them noble titles to reward bureaucratic service | 128 | |
| 3607155905 | Peter I (the Great) imitated Western military organization by | Creating a specially trained fighting force that put down local militias | 129 | |
| 3607159857 | Peter I (the Great) set up a secret police to | Prevent dissent and supervise the bureaucracy | 130 | |
| 3607158739 | Peter I (the Great) attacked | The Ottoman Empire and Sweden | 131 | |
| 3607159908 | Peter I (the Great) gained territory in | Sweden, on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea | 132 | |
| 3607162918 | After gaining territory in Sweden, Peter I moved the Russian capital from | Moscow to the Baltic city of St. Petersburg | 133 | |
| 3607165831 | Peter I (the Great) brought talented non-nobles into the system by | Establishing training institutes for aspiring bureaucrats and officers | 134 | |
| 3607166011 | Peter I (the Great) created the first Russian | Navy | 135 | |
| 3607167334 | Under Peter I, taxes on Russian peasantry | Increased steadily | 136 | |
| 3607135357 | Peter I (the Great) wanted economic development to support | Military strength rather than achieve wider commercial goals | 137 | |
| 3607143426 | Peter I (the Great) focused economically on | Building up metallurgical and mining industries | 138 | |
| 3607141427 | Peter I (the Great) used Russia's extensive iron holdings to | Feed state-run munitions and shipbuilding facilities | 139 | |
| 3607168898 | Under Peter I (the Great), landlords were rewarded for | Using serf labor to staff new manufacturing operations | 140 | |
| 3607144924 | Peter I (the Great) abolished the practice of | Passing a small whip from father to groom | 141 | |
| 3607174559 | Peter I (the Great) supported women's rights primarily to | Make Russia culturally respectable in Western eyes | 142 | |
| 3607175691 | Although Peter I (the Great) supported women in some aspects, he made no move to change | Gender relations among the masses of Russian peasants | 143 | |
| 3607140130 | Peter I (the Great) cut the Russian elite off from its traditions by | Requiring men to shave their beards and wear Western clothes | 144 | |
| 3607137661 | The westernization effort of Peter I was | Selective, as Peter I did not try to involve the ordinary people of Russia | 145 | |
| 3607164743 | Peter I (the Great) encouraged upper-class women to | Wear Western-style clothing and attend cultural events | 146 | |
| 3607163810 | New manufacturing under Peter I involved | Heavily forced serf labor | 147 | |
| 3603226131 | Catherine II (the Great) rose to power after | Her husband's assassination; granted service aristocracy power over peasantry; accepted Western cultural influence | 148 | |
| 3607131816 | Catherine II (the Great) actively defended | The powers of the central monarch | 149 | |
| 3607132276 | Catherine II (the Great) used the Pugachev Rebellion as | An excuse to extend the powers of the central government in regional affairs | 150 | |
| 3607106740 | Catherine II (the Great) granted power over the peasantry to | Service aristocracy | 151 | |
| 3607132270 | Catherine II (the Great) gave new power to | The nobility over their serfs | 152 | |
| 3607128375 | Catherine II (the Great) combined | Genuine reform interests with her need to consolidate power as a truly Russian ruler | 153 | |
| 3607190727 | Under Catherine II (the Great) nobles | Served a strong central government as bureaucrats and officers | 154 | |
| 3607197009 | Under Catherine II (the Great), the harshness of punishments landlords could decree for their serfs | Increased | 155 | |
| 3607198233 | Catherine II (the Great) patronized | Western-style art and architecture encouraging leading nobles to tour the West and send their children to be educated there | 156 | |
| 3607201921 | Catherine II (the Great) tried to avoid political influence from | The West | 157 | |
| 3613130211 | When the French Revolution broke out, Catherine II (the Great) | Tried to prevent Reformist ideas from reaching Russia | 158 | |
| 3613142353 | Catherine II tried to prevent French Reformist ideas from reaching Russia by | Quickly blocking out the "seditious" writings of liberals and democrats and censoring Russian reformers | 159 | |
| 3613155879 | Catherine II (the Great) pursued the tradition of | Russian expansion | 160 | |
| 3613157762 | Catherine II (the Great) resumed campaigns in | The Ottoman Empire | 161 | |
| 3613158697 | Catherine II (the Great) won new territory in | Central Asia, including the Crimea, bordering the Black Sea | 162 | |
| 3613163635 | Catherine II (the Great) claimed ___ in Russia's name | Alaska | 163 | |
| 3613173499 | Catherine II (the Great) pushed Russia's interests into | Europe | 164 | |
| 3613174257 | Catherine II (the Great) increased Russian interference in | Polish affairs | 165 | |
| 3613149762 | Radishev was | A Russian noble | 166 | |
| 3613150556 | Radishev sought | Abolition of serfdom and more liberal political rule | 167 | |
| 3613153239 | Radishev was harassed and had his writings banned by | Catherine II (the Great) | 168 | |
| 3603229237 | Emelian Pugachev led | Revolts that threatened the throne of Catherine II | 169 | |
| 3607107515 | Emelian Pugachev led revolts by | Pretending to be a tsar | 170 | |
| 3613333159 | Emelian Pugachev promised | An end to serfdom, taxation, military conscription, and abolition of the landed aristocracy | 171 | |
| 3613334651 | Emelian Pugachev's rebellious forces roamed | Southern Russia | 172 | |
| 3603230331 | Napoleon Bonaparte | 173 | ||
| 3644834073 | Along with Isabella of Castile, Ferdinand of Aragon ruled over | The largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia | 174 | |
| 3644941376 | Ferdinand of Aragon was responsible for the reconquest of | Granada | 175 | |
| 3644929497 | Ferdinand of Aragon married | Isabella of Castile | 176 | |
| 3644933983 | Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile to | Unite Spain | 177 | |
| 3644946648 | Along with Ferdinand of Aragon, Isabella of Castile ruled over | The largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia | 178 | |
| 3644837389 | Isabella of Castile ordered | The Jews of her realm to convert or leave the country | 179 | |
| 3644891823 | Isabella of Castile's forced out as many as ___ Jews | 200,000 | 180 | |
| 3644867727 | Both Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon sought to | Eliminate the religious and ethnic divisions in their kingdoms | 181 | |
| 3644903147 | Christopher Columbus hoped to | Reach the East Indies by sailing westward around the globe | 182 | |
| 3654289395 | Bartolome de Las Casas initiated | The struggle for justice for Native Americans | 183 | |
| 3654322943 | Hernan Cortes led | An expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico | 184 | |
| 3654323915 | Hernan Cortes defeated | The Aztec Empire and its capital, Tenochtitlan | 185 | |
| 3654327626 | Moctezuma II was the last | Independent Aztec emperor | 186 | |
| 3654329281 | Moctezuma II was killed by | Hernan Cortes in his conquest of the Tenochtitlan | 187 | |
| 3654353011 | Francisco Vazquez de Coronado searched for | Mythical cities of gold | 188 | |
| 3654354634 | Francisco Vazquez de Coronado led | An expedition into the southwestern United States | 189 | |
| 3654357779 | Pedro de Valdivia was a | Spanish conquistador | 190 | |
| 3654359597 | Pedro de Valdivia conquered | Araucanian Indians of Chile | 191 | |
| 3654361549 | Pedro de Valdivia established | City of Santiago | 192 | |
| 3653026919 | Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a | Poet, author, musician, and perceptive commentator on her society | 193 | |
| 3653035601 | Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz eventually gave up | Secular concerns and her library, at the urging of her superiors, to concentrate on purely spiritual matters | 194 | |
| 3653087546 | Pedro Alvares Cabral landed in | Brazil on his way to India | 195 | |
| 3653760058 | King Charles I ruled over | Spain | 196 | |
| 3653754761 | King Charles I died without | An heir | 197 | |
| 3653758392 | Philip of Anjou succeeded | King Charles I | 198 | |
| 3653761157 | Philip of Anjou was a | French Bourbon | 199 | |
| 3653755976 | Charles III was a | Spanish enlightened Bourbon monarch | 200 | |
| 3653882086 | Jose de Galvez was the | Spanish minister of the West Indies and chief architect of colonial reform | 201 | |
| 3653885489 | Jose de Galvez moved to | Eliminate Creoles from the upper bureaucracy of the colonies | 202 | |
| 3653889578 | Jose de Galvez created | Intendants for local government | 203 | |
| 3653905529 | Jose de Galvez exposed | The worst abuses of graft and corruption in Mexico, which implicated the local magistrates, Creole landowners and aristocracy | 204 | |
| 3654032649 | Marquis de Pombal was | The prime minister of Portugal | 205 | |
| 3653920218 | Marquis de Pombal hoped to | Break England's hold on the Portuguese economy with state intervention in the economy and mercantilism | 206 | |
| 3654040852 | Marquis de Pombal disliked and expelled | Jesuits because of their allegiance to Rome and semi-independent control of large areas in Brazil | 207 | |
| 3654053619 | Pombal's reforms were aimed at | Eliminating contraband, gold smuggling, and tax evasion | 208 | |
| 3654059719 | Pombal formed monopoly companies to | Stimulate agriculture in older plantation zones | 209 | |
| 3654082213 | Pombal abolished | Slavery in Portugal to stop the import of slaves there and to ensure a steady supply to Brazil | 210 | |
| 3654085554 | Pombal removed Indians from | Missionary control and encouraged whites to marry them because Brazil was vast and needed to be occupied and defended | 211 | |
| 3654095199 | Pombal reduced | Portugal's trade imbalance with England | 212 | |
| 3654131109 | Tupac Amaru was also known as | Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui | 213 | |
| 3654132781 | Tupac Amaru led | An Indian uprising against "bad government" | 214 | |
| 3654136109 | Tupac Amaru was a | Mestizo who claimed descent from the Incas | 215 | |
| 3654139520 | Tupac Amaru was eventually | Captured and executed | 216 | |
| 3852333796 | Francis Xavier was | A Spanish Jesuit missionary | 217 | |
| 3852395141 | Robert de Nobili was | An Italian Jesuit | 218 | |
| 3852396304 | Robert de Nobili tried to convert | Upper-class Indians by learning several Indian languages, dressing in Indian garments, and practicing Indian customs | 219 | |
| 3852405883 | Zhou Yuanzhang was | A military commander of peasant origins | 220 | |
| 3852406523 | Zhou Yuanzhang founded | The Ming dynasty | 221 | |
| 3852407826 | Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself | Hongwu emperor | 222 |
