From Hunting and Gathering to Civilizations, 2.5 million-1000 B.C.E.: Origins
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
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| 10694385575 | Hunting and gathering | Means of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization |  | 0 |
| 10694385576 | Civilization | Societies with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups | 1 | |
| 10694385577 | Neolithic | The New Stone Age between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished |  | 2 |
| 10694385578 | Nomadic societies | livestock hearding societies that do not have a permanent settlement. normally found on the fringes of civilized (urban) societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies |  | 3 |
| 10694385580 | Agricultrual revolution | Occurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture |  | 4 |
| 10694385581 | Pastoralism | A nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies |  | 5 |
| 10694385583 | Bronze Age | From 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking; development of wheeled vehicles, writing |  | 6 |
| 10694385584 | Mesopotamia | Literally "between the rivers"; the civilization that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys |  | 7 |
| 10694385586 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states |  | 8 |
| 10694385587 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets |  | 9 |
| 10694385588 | City-state | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king |  | 10 |
| 10694385591 | Hammurabi | The most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law |  | 11 |
| 10694385594 | Hieroglyphs | Form of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform |  | 12 |
| 10694385596 | Monotheism | The exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization |  | 13 |
| 10694385598 | Harappa and Mohenjo Daro | Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern |  | 14 |
| 10694385599 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic, warlike, pastorialists who replaced Harappan civilization |  | 15 |
| 10694385600 | Huanghe (Yellow) River Basin | Site of the development of sedentary agriculture in China |  | 16 |
| 10694385601 | Shang | 1st Chinese dynasty (after the legendary Xia) |  | 17 |
| 10694385605 | Paleolithic | The period that ended about 3,000 years after the end of the last Ice Age, it lasted until about 10,000 years ago. (Old Stone Age) The period of the Stone Age associated with the evolution of humans. It predates the Neolithic period. |  | 18 |
| 10694385607 | Egalitarian | equality among people (no social levels) | 19 | |
| 10694385609 | Neolithic Revolution | period of change from hunter-gatherer lifesyle to agricultural lifestyles associated with domestication, farming, and settlement |  | 20 |
| 10694385610 | Patriarchy | father based/male dominated society |  | 21 |
| 10694385611 | Climatic change | Permanent agricultural villages emerged first in the lands of the eastern Mediterranean, possibly as a response to what? | 22 | |
| 10694385615 | Record-keeping systems | ___ arose independently in all early civilizations as a result of increased trade. | 23 | |
| 10694385616 | Nile River | This river flooded predictably and regularly. |  | 24 |
| 10694385617 | Tigris River | This river's floods were unpredictable. |  | 25 |
| 10694385618 | Mesopotamian | Unpredictable weather patterns affected the development of the _____ civilization. | 26 | |
| 10694385619 | Egyptian | _______art demonstrated little change for nearly 1000 years. | 27 | |
| 10694679415 | Divine power | Belief that god created the king and gave that person(s) power. | 28 | |
| 10694694681 | Afterlife | an existence after death | 29 | |
| 10700771692 | Granaries | a storehouse for threshed (separated) grain. | 30 | |
| 10700789068 | Migration | A movement from one country or region to another | 31 | |
| 10700794402 | Archaeology | the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains. | 32 | |
| 10700803366 | Monumental architecture | large man-made structures generally created for the public to remember an event or individual | 33 | |
| 10700809519 | Epic | Long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation. | 34 | |
| 10700823033 | Agrarian society | Sedentary agriculture; both crop production and animal breeding are the foundation of subsistence and/or surplus wealth | 35 | |
| 10701248071 | Polytheistic | Belief in many gods | 36 | |
| 10701253057 | Epic of Gilgamesh | An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing. | 37 | |
| 10701260816 | Desertification | the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. | 38 | |
| 10701298098 | Militarism | the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. | 39 | |
| 10701302902 | deferred | put off until a future time | 40 | |
| 10701319032 | food surplus | extra food creation that allows people to engage in activities besides farming | 41 | |
| 10701325261 | desseminate | to scatter or spread widely | 42 | |
| 10701331733 | Theocratic | Religious leaders control the government | 43 | |
| 10701353072 | Water Reservior | The Mohenjo-Daro civilization in the Indus Valley created these in order to cleanse themselves and practice rituals. | 44 | |
| 10701368444 | Chavin People | No immediate access to to the river | 45 | |
| 10701378102 | Bantu people | These farmers migrated throughout Sub-Saharan Africa spreading their language and culture. | 46 | |
| 10701392137 | cultural diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 47 |
