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AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

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10549628843AgricultureThe practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis.0
10549628844ArtisanA skilled craftsperson.1
10549628845DomesticationThe taming of animals and plants for human use, such as for labor or food.2
10549628846EurasiaThe large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia.3
10549628847AnimismThe belief that animals, Rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits.4
10549628848Hunter-foragersPeople who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots.5
10549628849IrrigationA way of supplying water to an area of land, the people would use water from the rivers to irrigate their crops.6
10549628850MetallurgyThe science of the study of metals.7
10549628851MigrationA movement from one country or region to another.8
10549628852MonotheismThe belief in one God.9
10549628853Paleolithic PeriodOld Stone Age, where humanos used stone tools and weapons.10
10549628854Specialization of laborThe division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work.11
10549628855SurplusHaving more resources than needed for themselves.12
10549628856TextileItems made of cloth, would be weaved by women and then decorated, usually all at home.13
10549628857UrbanizationAn increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.14
10549628858OvergrazingThe continual eating of grasses or their roots, without allowing them to regrow.15
10549628859OverfarmingLand loosing its fertility unless it is left fallow or it was fertilized usually by spreading of animal manure.16
10549628860ArtifactsObjects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists.17
10549628861Homo Sapiens SapiensAlso known as "early modern humans" who became the only hominids on earth- us.18
10549628862Neolithic RevolutionThe switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.19
10549628863Bronze AgeThe period in ancient human culture when people began to make and use bronze.20
10549628864CivilizationThe stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.21
10549628865JerichoOne of the oldest first human cities that was built on the West Bank of the Jordan river.22
10549628866Catal HuyukAncient city in present dat Turkey that was founded in 7500 B.C.E. along a river that has since dried up.23
10549628867Nomadic PastoralismPeople moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture.24
10549628868Kinship GroupSeveral related families that moved together in search of food.25
10549628869ClanGroup of families with a common ancestor.26
10549628870TribeA group of people who share a common ancestry, language, name, and way of living.27
10549628871PatriarchalRelating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority.28
10549628872MerchantsPeople who buy and sell goods also known as traders.29
10549628873Social StratificationThe division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Some people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry and others coveted items by building larger and better decorated houses.30
10549628874Priests and PriestessesPeople who performed religious ceremonies.31
10549628875Tigris and Euphrates RiversFlow south from modern day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf.32
10549628876MesopotamiaLand between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where many ancient civilizations arose from.33
10549628877Fertile CrescentAn arc of fertile land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf .34
10549628878SumeriansGroup of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer that provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations.35
10549628879ZigguratsTemples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.36
10549628880DesertificationThe spread of desert like conditions.37
10549628881Indus River ValleyDeveloped near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region.38
10549628882Environmental DegradationCaused the gradual decline and eventual disappearance of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations by soil eroding.39
10549628883DeforestationThe removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.40
10549628884LoessA wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt.41
10549628885MesoamericaAn area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America.42
10549628886GlyphsThe first writing system in the Americas that used pictures and symbols of real ojects.43
10549628887BarterTrading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money.44
10549628888PolytheisticBelief in many gods.45
10549628889ZigguratsTemples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.46
10549628890AstronomyThe study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.47
10549628891AstrologyTheory of the influence of planets and stars on human events.48
10549628892AbrahamFounder of Judaism.49
10549628893MosesLed the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments.50
10549628894Ten CommandmentsLaws given by God to Moses that tell Jews how to behave in their daily lives.51
10549628895Jewish DiasporaThe scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland beginning about 586 B.C.E.52
10549628896The Huang He and The Chiang JiangWhere Chinas first civilizations developed.53
10549628897MummificationInvolved removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth.54
10549628898HieroglyphicsEgyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.55
10549628899PapyrusA type of plant that grew along the Nile River, used its fibers to create a type of paper.56
10549628900VedasA collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs.57
10549628901Vedic AgeAryans growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs.58
10549628902BrahmaOverarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth.59
10549628903DharmaIn Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties.60
10549628904KarmaThe effects that good or bad actions have on a person's soul.61
10549628905MokshaThe Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.62
10549628906Ancestor VenerationThe believe of making offerings to their ancestors in hope to win their favor.63
10549628907Golden AgeA period in which a society or culture is at its peak.64
10549628908Mandate of HeavenA just rulers power was bestowed by the gods.65
10549628909UpanishadsA foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism.66
10549628910PictographsA graphic symbol that represents an idea, concept, or object, rather than representing a single sound, as letter systems do.67
10549628911ShamansPeople who believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future.68
10549628912Core and Foundational civilizationsCivilizations that developed ways of life, such as language, religious beliefs, and economic practices, that would heavily influence successor civilizations in their regions.69
10549628913City-StateTypically covered several hundred square miles and were independent each with its own government.70
10549628914KingsSumerian military leaders became more important than priests and ruled over a territory known as a kingdom.71
10549628915CuneiformSumerians created it to keep records which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets.72
10549628916ScribesIndividuals who were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths.73
10549628917The Epic of GilgameshAn epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature.74
10549628918EmpireLarge territory that included diverse cultural groups.75
10549628919BabyloniansPersians who took control of Mesopotamia and built a new capital city called Babylon.76
10549628920HammurabiBabylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC), and created a set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi.77
10549628921Code of HammurabiLaw code introduced when Hammurabi of Babylon took over Sumer in 1760 BC, that dealt with topics such as property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes.78
10549628922PhoeniciansMost powerful traders along the Mediterranean, that occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E.79
10549628923CarthageA Phoenician colony on the coast of North Africa, that became a significant outpost in the region.80
10549628924Alphabetic scriptA system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to cuneiform around 1000 B.C.E.81
10549628925Sahara and Kalahari DesertsTwo desert zones one in Northern Africa and the other in Southern Africa.82
10549628926Nile RiverThe river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around.83
10549628927King MenesUnited Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty.84
10549628928Old KingdomA period in Egyptian history that lasted from about 2700 BC to 2200 BC.85
10549628929Middle KingdomA period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC.86
10549628930New KingdomThe period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory.87
10549628931PharaohA king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.88
10549628932TheocratsRulers holding both religious and political power.89
10549628933HyksosA group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.90
10549628934AkhenatonThe pharaoh that tried to change Egypts religion and called for the worship of a sun god called Aten.91
10549628935Ramses the GreatTook the throne around 1290 B.C.E. who expanded the empire into Southwest Asia and built more temples and erected more statues than any other pharaoh.92
10549628936HittitesHad military advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons.93
10549628937Book of the DeadScrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt.94
10549628938DravidiansIndigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent.95
10549628939Xia DynastyLasted for about 400 years, little is known because early Chinese had no writing system.96
10549628940Shang DynastyRuled for 600 years, conquered neighboring peoples and established an empire, wielded tremendous economic and religious power.97
10549628941Zhou DynastyThe longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.98
10549628942FeudalismThe network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements.99
10549628943MaizeOne of the first important plants to be grown by the indigenous Americans.100
10549628944Chavin CivilizationExisted from around 1000 to 200 B.C.E, and centered at Chavin de Huantar.101
10549628945OlmecThe foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations.102
10549628946AboriginalsPeople in Australia who remained hunter-foragers.103
10549628947Easter IslandDivided into clans, with a chief for each clan and one chief over all clans.104

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