Terms : Hide Images
| 10574100309 | Herodotus | Greek Historian, considered the father of History. He came from a Greek community in Anatolia and traveled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. | 0 | |
| 10574102475 | The Histories | Created by Herodotus, serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures | 1 | |
| 10574115535 | Homer | A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey | 2 | |
| 10574116832 | Iliad | Homer's epic poem of the story of the Trojan War | 3 | |
| 10574118100 | The Odyssey | writen by Homer, sequel to the Iliad. | 4 | |
| 10574143684 | Plato | (430-347 BCE) Was a disciple of Socrates whose cornerstone of thought was his theory of Forms, in which there was another world of perfection. He founded an academy in Athens. | 5 | |
| 10574150205 | The Republic | The ideal government thought of by Plato that was composed of workers, warriors, and "philosopher kings". Kings who wouls be smart an drational enough to make decisions for the good of the whole state. | 6 | |
| 10574195273 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. | 7 | |
| 10574197092 | Poetics | The first definitions of tragedy and comedy in the theater, as well as definitions of epic and lyric poetry. Created by Aristotle | 8 | |
| 10574224287 | Avestas | is the religious book of Zoroastrians that contains a collection of sacred texts. | 9 | |
| 10574226632 | Aristophanes | an ancient Greek dramatist remembered for his comedies (448-380 BC) | 10 | |
| 10574228246 | Aeschylus | father of greek tragedy | 11 | |
| 10574230114 | The Trojan Woman | A tragedy by the Greek playwright Euripides | 12 | |
| 10574232750 | Euripides | A playwright who wrote about 90 tragedies and included strong female characters and smart slaves | 13 | |
| 10574236802 | Sophocles | Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex | 14 | |
| 10574238338 | Parthenon | A large temple dedicated to the goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. It was built in the 5th century BCE, during the Athenian golden age. | 15 | |
| 10574242084 | Persepolis | A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland and was destroyed by Alexander the Great. | 16 | |
| 10574247236 | Knossos Palace | a palace complex that has indoor plumbing; located on Crete | 17 | |
| 10574252510 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher (ca. 470-399 B.C.E.) who shifted the emphasis of philosophical investigation from questions of natural science to ethics and human behavior. | 18 | |
| 10574254155 | Socratic Method | philosophical method of questioning to gain truth | 19 | |
| 10574256472 | Academy | school of philosophy founded by Plato | 20 | |
| 10574257681 | Golden Mean | Aristotle's term for describing ethical behavior as a midpoint between extremes | 21 | |
| 10574257682 | Logic | the process of reasoning | 22 | |
| 10574262478 | Empiricism | the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation | 23 | |
| 10574264969 | Syncretism | A blending of two or more religious traditions | 24 | |
| 10574266970 | Zoroastrianism | One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. | 25 | |
| 10574276021 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the sixth or seventh century B.C.E. (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism. | 26 | |
| 10574278759 | Qanat | an underground canal first built by the ancient Persians | 27 | |
| 10574285039 | Cyrus the Great | king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC) | 28 | |
| 10574286778 | Delian League | an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians | 29 | |
| 10574289601 | Cambyses | A Persian king, named after his father Cyrus, expanded the Persian empire by conquering Egypt. | 30 | |
| 10574291119 | Darius I | Third ruler of the Persian Empire (r. 521-486 B.C.E.). He crushed the widespread initial resistance to his rule and gave all major government posts to Persians rather than to Medes. | 31 | |
| 10574299278 | Xerxes | son of Darius; became Persian king. He vowed revenge on the Athenians. He invaded Greece with 180,000 troops in 480 B.C. Build the Gate of Xerxes | 32 | |
| 10574302593 | Peloponnesian League | League created and led by Sparta that consisted of Spartan and their allies with intentions of fighting Athens | 33 | |
| 10574308295 | Philip II | Macedonian king who sought to unite Greece under his banner until his death or murder. He was succeeded by his son Alexander. | 34 | |
| 10574310366 | Alexander the Great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 35 | |
| 10574312007 | Solon | Athenian reformer of the 6th century; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt, created the Council of Four Hundred | 36 | |
| 10574318900 | Pericles | Aristocratic leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens. | 37 | |
| 10574322040 | Ptolemies | The Macedonian dynasty, descended from one of Alexander the Great's officers, that ruled Egypt for three centuries (323-30 B.C.E.). From their magnificent capital at Alexandria on the Mediterranean coast, the Ptolemies largely took over the system created by Egyptian pharaohs to extract the wealth of the land, rewarding Greeks and Hellenized non-Greeks serving in the military and administration. | 38 | |
| 10574326421 | Poleis (polis) | Greek city-states | 39 | |
| 10574329423 | Monarchies | systems of government in which unelected kings or queens rule | 40 | |
| 10574333086 | Aristocracy | A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility | 41 | |
| 10574338461 | Oligarchy | A government ruled by a few powerful people | 42 | |
| 10574340488 | Tyrants | in ancient Greece, rulers who seized power by force but who ruled with the people's support; later came to refer to rulers who exercise brutal and oppressive power | 43 | |
| 10574342373 | Democracy | A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 44 | |
| 10574344231 | Direct Democracy | A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives | 45 | |
| 10574346071 | Representative Democracy | A system of government in which citizens elect representatives, or leaders, to make decisions about the laws for all the people. | 46 | |
| 10574347546 | Crete | the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean, southeast of Greece | 47 | |
| 10574351161 | Knossos | an ancient Minoan city on the island of Crete | 48 | |
| 10574353581 | Minoan Civilization | An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 B.C.E. | 49 | |
| 10574363162 | Mycenae | Sea-faring Greek kingdom. A major center of Greek Civilization in the 1000s BCE, centuries before Greek's "Golden Age" of Athenian influence. It's center was located about 90 km southwest of Athens. | 50 | |
| 10574365904 | Syracuse | the Athenian siege of _______ (415-413 BC) was eventually won by _________ | 51 | |
| 10574371992 | Agrigentum | a large colony on Sicily | 52 | |
| 10574376149 | The Persian Wars (500-479 B.C.E.) | A series of wars between the Greeks (mainly Athens) and the Persians in which the Greeks were usually victorious. | 53 | |
| 10574381950 | Marathon | a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians | 54 | |
| 10574384913 | Battle of Thermopylae | (480 B.C.E.) Battle in which Spartan king Leonidas and his army of 300 Spartans and other Greeks refused to surrender to the numerically superior Persian army at the pass of Thermopylae; they were annihilated to the man but allowed the other Greek forces to prepare for the Persian invasion. | 55 | |
| 10574387834 | Battle of Salamis | 480 B.C.E. The battle that effectively ended the Persian war. The Greek fleet, although vastly outnumbered, defeated the Persian fleet. This helped end the Persian war, freeing Greece. | 56 | |
| 10574391889 | Persians | tolerant; bureaucracy; Cyrus the Great and Darius were the most famous rulers; Royal Road was their trade route and united empire; Zoroastrianism | 57 | |
| 10574396493 | Achaemenid Empire | The name of an ancient Persian Empire (c. 550-330 BCE) which was composed of many smaller kingdoms. The realm was divided into twenty-three satrapies whose administration and taxation was managed by subordinate local rulers. | 58 | |
| 10574400868 | Seleucids | Persian empire (323-83 B.C.E.) founded by Seleucus after the death of Alexander the Great. Rulers of the eastern part of Alexander's empire. Their territory included Palestine. | 59 | |
| 10574412974 | Parthians (247 BCE-224 CE) | kept Satraps, taxes and administration, steppe traditions, raised large horses and skilled horsemen, resisted seleucids, then defeated them | 60 | |
| 10574418266 | Sassanids | The last pre-Islamic Persian empire | 61 | |
| 10574421979 | Athens | A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta. | 62 | |
| 10574423614 | Sparta | A powerful Greek miliary polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor. | 63 | |
| 10574426814 | Alexandria | City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization | 64 | |
| 10574429634 | Hellenistic Period | that culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms 323-31 BCE | 65 | |
| 10574437375 | hoplites | heavily armed Greek infantrymen who marched and fought in close ranks; most of the recruits were middle-class citizens | 66 | |
| 10574439171 | archons | 9 men who were elected yearly in Athens to uphold the laws | 67 | |
| 10574440550 | helots | enslaved people in ancient Sparta, farmed for the Spartans | 68 | |
| 10574447752 | satraps | a provincial governor in the ancient Persian empire. | 69 | |
| 10574451361 | aristocrats | a rich landowner or noble | 70 | |
| 10574451362 | merchant | a person who buys and sells goods | 71 | |
| 10574455369 | Spartan women | These women owned land, ran their households, received physical training and did not spend time spinning cloth or weaving | 72 | |
| 10574461633 | caravanserai | an inn in some Eastern countries with a large courtyard that provides accommodation for caravans, incorperated by the Persians | 73 | |
| 10574465428 | common currency | A form of money that was accepted across the Persian Empire; made trade simpler | 74 | |
| 10574467778 | Royal Road | A road in the Persian Empire, stretching over 1,600 miles from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia. | 75 |
