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AP World History - Period 2 Flashcards

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5221066599The Emperor who allowed Christians to legalize their faith?Constantine.0
5221071811Philosopher whose method was to constantly question everything?Socrates1
5221073867In order to learn the will of the Gods, the Greeksspoke to Oracles.2
5221076525Belief that the ruler of China was allowed to rule because of divinity/ or circumstances in which they were allowed to rule.The mandate of Heaven.3
5221085889Long period of political chaos in ChinaAge of warring states.4
5221087685Varieties of Indian ReligionHinduism.5
5221090059The founder of BuddhismSiddhartha Gautama.6
5221092226Modified version of Buddhism that transformed Buddhism into a popular religionMahayana.7
5221094386Octavian was also known asAugustus.8
5221096781Who won the Peloponnesian War?Sparta.9
5221098591If a culture lives in imitation of the Greek culture it is calledHellenism10
5221102074Very important family in Persia. Created empire, famous family member was CyrusAchaemenids.11
5221109284Someone who seizes power and holds it in violation of the traditions of the community.Tryant12
5221113326Who fought in the Persian War?Greece and Persia13
5221116927The founder of the Achaemenid Empire and the most famous ruler of Persia.Cyrus the Great14
5221120187City, famous for its library, designed by Alexander the Great, in Egypt, on the Mediterranean.Alexandria15
5221123933Died at 32, conquered Persia, Greece, and reached PunjabAlexander the Great.16
5221125912What is Polis?Greek coming together in city-states.17
5221127680What is a satrap?Governor of province in the Persian Empire.18
52211300043 dynasties who conquered Alexander the Great's territory?Seleucid (Seleucid Empire), Ptolemies (Ptolemaic dynasty), Antigonid (Antigonid Dynasty).19
5221133320How did Chinese view merchants?Very suspicious. In general, they considered merchants to be lazy and distrustful because they would sell things that didn't come from their hands and still make profit.20
5221135319How was Rome different than the Han Dynasty?They were never unified after their fall.21
5221137095Ashoka was known for erecting what?Pillars22
5221141968This was made by who? And used for what?Mayans, for rituals.23
5221154791Lao Tzu argued thatambition and activism lead to chaos.24
5221156797The vedic religionsContributed to the development of the Caste System.25
5221158723Han and Gupta empire bothfell because wealth was concentrated on a selected few.26
5221160712Characteristics of both Qin and Han exceptextreme brutality27
5221174765Hinduism and Buddhism differencecaste system28
5221176659Confucianism, Hinduism, and Judaismeach created guidelines29
5221178434Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism believed inLife after death.30
5221180368Mathematical system that used the concept of zero.Indian and Mayan civilizations.31
5221657115What is a "universal religion?"universal religions share common beliefs with other religions32
5221662109Where did universal religions exist by 600 CE ?Christianity & Buddhism were universal religions by 600 CE.33
5221669599How did religions promote a sense of unity?those who practiced the same religion shared things in common and their beliefs unified them34
5221676557How did religions help strengthen political,economic, and cultural ties within societies?rulers often used religion to justify their rule and religions unified societies35
5221697191Who is the founder Judaism?Founders Abraham and Moses36
5221706137What are the core teachings of Judaism?Yahweh was the only God; ten commandments; heaven, hell, salvation, judgment day.37
5221734281Where did Hinduism originate?originated in Indus valley with Aryan invasions38
5221743251Core teachings of Hinduism?Brahman was supreme spirit; reincarnation based on karma; focused on dharma and importance of caste system39
5221752275Where was Buddhism founded?Himilayas40
5221772107Core teachings of Buddhism?Eightfold Path; reach nirvana; reincarnation; Four Noble Truths; equality; rejects caste system41
5221776293where did Buddhism spread by 600 CE ?reached Han China, Korea, Japan, SE Asia & India by 600 CE42
5221778843How did Buddhism spread by 600 CE ?spread by monks, missionaries, and trade along Silk Roads43
5221782545Who founded Confucianism?founder was Mencius Confucius44
5221792768Core teachings of Confucianism?respect place in hierarchy; rule by good example45
5221797936In Confucianism, what did Ren teach?Ren--humanity and kindness46
5221797937In Confucianism, what did Li teach?Li--propriety compliance;47
5221800597In Confucianism, what did Xiao teach?Xiao--filial48
5221810100Who founded Daoism?founder was Laozi49
5221815171Core teachings of Daoism?Core Teachings: harmony, balance, no concept of God, simple life, go with the flow, inner peace50
5221826848Christianity is from where?Roman empire: west empire, Med. region north Africa, south/north Asia51
5221831002Christiannity started from what religion?started from Judaism52
5221833825how did christianity spreadspread through missionaries/disciples53
5221837022what is Syncronismcombination of 2 religions54
5221840620What are the main characteristics of Greco-Roman philosophy and science?Emphasized logic, imperial observation, and the nature of political power and hierarchy.55
5221843255How did religions affect gender roles in their respective societies?Hinduism in India - Caste system: 4 castes each had specific dharma - women stayed home as wives or mothers.56
5221856590Who is the founder of ZoroastrianismProphet Zoroaster.57
5221871042what religions did Zoroastrianism influenceJudaism, Christianity, and Islam58
5221883979What is Shamanismbelief in people who can connect to gods and the spirits of nature59
5221887136What is Animismthe attribution to plants, inanimate objects, and animals, the material universe60
5221896483How did humans relate to their deceased ancestors?For example China - believed ancestors went to realm - support and protect surviving - if proper respect given - prosperous family only if ALL members worked cooperately61
5221905286How did art and culture develop to 600 CE ?Greek and Indian literature and drama influenced neighbors •Homer - Iliad, Odyssey •Sophocles - Antigone, Oedipus Rex •Theater •Collesium62
5221911668How did different societies' architectural styles develop?through new ideas through interactions(trade) with other people with other beliefs and ideas63
5221913906What examples of syncretism reflect the Classical Era to 600 CE ?convergence of Greco-Roman culture and Buddhist beliefs this affected the development of unique ideas such as sculpturally, architecturally, and literary works64
5221921261what were empires' common characteristics during the Classical Era?An empire consists of a powerful military and great administrative systems65
5221926941How did the number & size of Classical empires compare to the Ancient Era?through political unity on areas where previously had been competing states66
5221929733What were the most influential of the Classical Era empires?Persian empire Qin and Han Dynasty Maurya and Gupta empires Hellenistic and Roman empires67
5221932721What techniques did Classical empires create to administer their territories?centralized governments, legal systems and bureaucracies to administer their territories68
5221937068What new political methods were created in order to rule the larger empires in the Classical Era?in order to keep control of the large empires emperors hired sub-emperors who supervised as emperors for their assigned area of the empire.69
5221942442How did imperial governments let their population know that the government was "in charge?"the military projected their power through projects such as defensive walls and roads.70
5221947403What role did trade play in creating and maintaining empires?establish a solid economy, creates a religion to spread or converd, people traded ideas and they learned how to build projects and forms of government71
5221959296What unique social and economic characteristics existed in empires?developed in imperial societies in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas.72
5221961375What function did imperial cities perform?centers of trade, public performances of religious rituals, and political administration for states and empires.73
5221965981What social classes and occupations were common in empires?hierarchies including, cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites, or caste groups.74
5221968990What labor systems provided the workers for Classical Empires?to maintain the production of food and provide rewards for the loyalty of the elites including corvee, slavery, rents and tributes, peasant communities and family and household production.75
5221979772Describe the gender and family structures of Classical Era empires.patriarchal society, men were the head of the family76
5221991875What caused Classical Empires to decline, collapse, or transform into something else?excessive mobilization of resources, causing environmental damages, invasions from outsiders, diseases, administrative difficulties, social tensions- land distribution caused a problem between peasants and elites.77
5222013652How did Classical era trade networks compare to Ancient era networks?they were long-distance trade networks (Silk Road, Royal Road, etc) while Ancient era networks were based at more local level78
5222023492What forces contributed to the changes between the two eras?empire unification, the demand of goods/raw materials, maintaining military force and need for communication79
5222029127What was commonly traded along these trade networks?cultural beliefs, technology, goods, food crops/domesticated animals and diseases80
5222039074How did trade & communication networks develop by 600 CE?empires developed communication and trade networks based on maritime and land routes across the Eastern Hemisphere81
5222044647What technologies enabled long-distance overland and maritime trade?technologies for domesticated animals like yokes or saddles and knowledge in monsoon seasons and ship innovations(lateen sails)82
5222061562Besides the physical goods,what intangibles also traveled along trade networks?cultural beliefs (religions, social structures, etc...) and irrigation/ farming techniques83
5222064934What crops spread along Classical Era trade networks?cotton, sugar and rice spread from South Asia to the Middle East84
5222067922What effects did diseases have on Classical empires?diseases decimated urban populations85

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