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| 5706953897 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 0 | |
| 5706953898 | Alexander the Great | conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India. | 1 | |
| 5706953900 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance. | 2 | |
| 5706953902 | Caesar Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.). | 3 | |
| 5706953903 | Cyrus (the Great) | Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 B.C.E.) | 4 | |
| 5706953904 | Darius I | Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 B.C.E.) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire. | 5 | |
| 5706953906 | Gupta Empire | An empire of India (320-550 C.E.). | 6 | |
| 5706953907 | Han dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E. | 7 | |
| 5706953908 | Hellenistic era | The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors. | 8 | |
| 5706953912 | Mandate of Heaven | the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently. | 9 | |
| 5706953914 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India. | 10 | |
| 5706953916 | Patricians | Wealthy, privileged Romans | 11 | |
| 5706953917 | Pax Romana | Roman Peace | 12 | |
| 5706953918 | Peloponnesian War | War between Athens and Sparta | 13 | |
| 5706953919 | Persepolis | The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great. | 14 | |
| 5706953921 | Plebians | Poorer, less privileged Romans | 15 | |
| 5706953922 | Punic Wars | Three major wars between Rome and Carthage | 16 | |
| 5706953923 | Qin Dynasty | A short-lived (221-206 B.C.E.) but highly influential Chinese dynasty | 17 | |
| 5706953924 | Qin Shihuangdi | forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. | 18 | |
| 5706953926 | Han Wudi | began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats. | 19 | |
| 5706953928 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 C.E. and helped cause the fall of the Han dynasty. | 20 | |
| 5706953930 | Aristotle | student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. | 21 | |
| 5706953933 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation. | 22 | |
| 5706953934 | bhakti movement | An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity. | 23 | |
| 5706953935 | Brahman | The "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief. | 24 | |
| 5706953936 | Brahmins | The priestly caste of India. | 25 | |
| 5706953937 | Buddhism | The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama | 26 | |
| 5706953938 | Confucianism | The Chinese philosophy that advocated the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order. | 27 | |
| 5706953939 | Confucius | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.) | 28 | |
| 5706953940 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. | 29 | |
| 5706953941 | Dao | translated as The Way | 30 | |
| 5706953942 | Daoism | founded by Laozi. | 31 | |
| 5706953943 | Filial piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism. | 32 | |
| 5706953945 | Hinduism | A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions. | 33 | |
| 5706953948 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity | 34 | |
| 5706953952 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. | 35 | |
| 5706953954 | Moksha | In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman. | 36 | |
| 5706953955 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion. | 37 | |
| 5706953956 | Plato | Student of Socrates | 38 | |
| 5706953959 | Siddhartha Gautama | The Indian prince who founded Buddhism. | 39 | |
| 5706953960 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher | 40 | |
| 5706953963 | Upanishads | Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. | 41 | |
| 5706953964 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India | 42 | |
| 5706953965 | Warring States Period | Period in China from 403 to 221 B.C.E. that was typified by disorder and political chaos. | 43 | |
| 5706953968 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. | 44 | |
| 5706953971 | helots | The dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society. | 45 | |
| 5706953972 | karma | In Indian belief, the force generated by one's behavior in a previous life that decides the level at which an individual will be reborn. | 46 | |
| 5706953974 | latifundia | Huge estates operated by slave labor that flourished in parts of the Roman Empire | 47 | |
| 5706953980 | Untouchables | An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work. | 48 | |
| 5706953990 | Chavin | Andean town that was the center of a large Peruvian religious movement from around 900 to 200 B.C.E. | 49 | |
| 5706953994 | Maya | The major classical civilization of Mesoamerica; flourished from 250 to 900 C.E. | 50 |
