The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
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| 12013487157 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 0 | |
| 12013487158 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 1 | |
| 12013487159 | Umayyad | clan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty | 2 | |
| 12013487160 | Muhammad | (570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh | 3 | |
| 12013487161 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 4 | |
| 12013487162 | Umma | community of the faithful within Islam | 5 | |
| 12013487163 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 6 | |
| 12013487164 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 7 | |
| 12013487165 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 8 | |
| 12013487166 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 9 | |
| 12013487167 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 10 | |
| 12013487168 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 11 | |
| 12013487169 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 12 | |
| 12013487172 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 13 | |
| 12013487176 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 14 | |
| 12013487177 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 15 | |
| 12013487180 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph | 16 | |
| 12013487181 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 17 | |
| 12013487188 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 18 | |
| 12013487195 | Iconoclasm | the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration | 19 | |
| 12013487201 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 20 | |
| 12013487202 | Tatars | Mongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact | 21 | |
| 12013487203 | Middle Ages | the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c | 22 | |
| 12013487207 | Serfs | peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system | 23 | |
| 12013487227 | Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia | 24 | |
| 12013487232 | Southern Song | smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279. | 25 | |
| 12013487236 | Footbinding | male imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite. | 26 | |
| 12013487240 | Samurai | mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor | 27 | |
| 12013487241 | Seppuku | ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor | 28 | |
| 12013487252 | Shamanistic religion | Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits | 29 | |
| 12013487253 | Batu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 | 30 | |
| 12013487254 | Golden Horde | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c | 31 | |
| 12013487255 | Ilkhan khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire | 32 | |
| 12013487256 | Hulegu | grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad | 33 | |
| 12013487257 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 | 34 | |
| 12013487258 | Kubilai Khan | grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 | 35 | |
| 12013487259 | White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty | 36 | |
| 12013487260 | Ottoman Empire | Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire | 37 | |
| 12013487261 | Ming Dynasty | replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China | 38 | |
| 12013487277 | Silk Road Trade system |  | 39 | |
| 12013487278 | Kingdom of Mali |  | 40 | |
| 12013487265 | Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450 | land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place | 41 | |
| 12013487266 | Champa Rice | tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase | 42 | |
| 12013487267 | Diasporic communities | merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas | 43 | |
| 12013487268 | Trans Saharan trade | Dominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates.. |  | 44 |
| 12013487269 | Effect of Muslim conquests | collapse of other empires, mass conversion | 45 | |
| 12013487270 | Tang Dynasty | followed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence | 46 | |
| 12013487279 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade |  | 47 | |
| 12013487274 | New forms of monetization | Checks, Bills of Exchange | 48 | |
| 12013487280 | Bantu Migrations |  | 49 | |
| 12013487275 | footbinding | began during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming |  | 50 |
| 12013487276 | Marco Polo | traveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan | 51 | |
| 12013717217 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 52 | |
| 12013758503 | VIDEOS | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3PszVWZNWVA&list=PLDBvONRjztQJWfjUHvRCofpUrlFQeuDfM | 53 | |
| 12013925865 | what promoted to the expansion and development of commercial networks? | Innovations in transportation, state policies, and mercantile practices. | 54 | |
| 12013964833 | The prophet Muhammad promoted Islam, what is Islam? | a new major monotheistic religion at the start of this period. It spread quickly through practices of trade, warfare, and diffusion characteristic of this period | 55 | |
| 12014029202 | trade routes |  | 56 | |
| 12014118757 | Indian Ocean Trade | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6XtBLDmPA0&feature=youtu.be | 57 | |
| 12014961900 | Free peasant agriculture | a type of peasant agriculture where free peasants can sell whatever they grow, but were not protected by land owners. | 58 | |
| 12014980879 | nomadic pastoralism | Farming system where animals (cattle, goats, camels) are taken to different locations in order to find fresh pastures. | 59 | |
| 12015031809 | Guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 60 | |
| 12015048172 | Coerced Labor | two types: serfdom: Mita: both in Japan and Europe tribute owned that work for a lord in return to the Inca. of land and protection. large community lower class at feudal system. projects. | 61 | |
| 12015183528 | labor taxes | taxes imposed from the government on labor | 62 | |
| 12015531030 | Military obligations | as part of feudalism, a peasant would military service for the lord in return for land usage | 63 | |
| 12015613471 | the vassal: | a person under the protection of a feudal lord to whom he or she owes allegiance; a subordinate or dependent; a servant. | 64 | |
| 12015649134 | Basil the Copper Hand | in the 10th century there was a man named Basil(had a copper hand), tried to impersonate a dead general to take power in Byrthynia, his hand was chopped off and he replaced with a copper hand. tried to lead a peasant revolt against the byzantine empire high taxes. they didn't stand a chance and he was burned at stake. | 65 | |
| 12016030904 | peasant revolt in Flanders: | in the 1320s, Flanders held the first mass movements of the fourteenth century. lasted 5 years. people were mad at Louis I for raising taxes. took over Flanders region, they captured Louis and the king of France had to step in. peace treaty was signed but rebellion continued. it wasn't until the battle of Cassel the rebel army and peasants were defeated. | 66 | |
| 12016238705 | Red Turban rebellion(white lotus Rebellion) | group pf peasants in 1340s were fed up with yuan(mongol) rule. yellow river was constantly flooding. a Mahayana Buddhist sect known as the the white lotus started the rebellion against the mongol rule. After the 30 years of war, the rebellion was successful. in 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang claimed mandate of heaven and declared himself emperor Wu of the Ming dynasty. | 67 | |
| 12065583089 | When did Constantinople fall? | 1453 CE, by that time it was only a shadow of what it was 3 centuries earlier. | 68 | |
| 12065636343 | Why did the Byzantine Empire fall? | 1) INTERNAL ISSUES -succession struggle over who should be leader -court intrigue who was sleeping with who's wife 2) CRUSADES -1st: The seljuk Turks were threatening the pilgrimage rout to Jerusalem -4th: Catholic and Orthodox were not getting along, Venetians gained trade routes 3) OTTOMANS TURKS -Mehmet 2 besieged Constantinople for 2 months (surrounded the city) and starved them into submission | 69 | |
| 12065895715 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of the Roman Empire that survived the fall of the Western half. | 70 | |
| 12065915678 | 5 major centers of the christian church in the byzantine empire: | Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Antioch, and Rome. | 71 | |
| 12065961788 | What is a bishop? | A priest who supervised several local churches | 72 | |
| 12066010253 | What is a patriarch? | the head of both church and state. | 73 | |
| 12066110287 | Who was highest ranking bishop? | Pope | 74 | |
| 12066155033 | Justinian | spoke local language and Latin chosen by his predecessor(who adopted and raised him in Byzantium) in 520 he met his wife Theodora who reigned with him for more than 20 years. | 75 | |
| 12066364842 | Justinian Code | consisted of three works the digest: they gathered together all the Roman Empire laws and reduced them to 3 million laws. his laws were written in greek | 76 | |
| 12066429891 | official language of Byzantine government | latin, but quickly becoming greek. | 77 | |
| 12066455026 | Hagia Sophia | the Cathedral of Holy Wisdom in Constantinople, built by order of the Byzantine emperor Justinian after a terrible outbreak of people who rioted against Justinian. first church to be built in dome(circular) | 78 | |
| 12066515931 | bulbonic plague(black death) | killed 3/4 of the population of Europe and Asia during the Middle Ages. both Eastern and Western frontiers were fighting a lot. | 79 | |
| 12066656382 | when did the black death come to an end? | 367 | 80 | |
| 12066906743 | what happened after black death in Byzantine empire? | monetized economy became a barter(trade one for one) one. merchants and artisans became farmers. government couldn't afford to pay military. | 81 | |
| 12066991886 | revival of constantinople | started minting small coins, trade and commerce increased slightly. | 82 | |
| 12068197961 | split | byzantine emperor ruled the empire, while the patriarch of Constantinople presided over the church. | 83 | |
| 12068231360 | emperors tried to impose beliefs | sponsors of hagia sophia | 84 | |
| 12068245486 | What is iconoclasm? | The deliberate destruction of religious icons and symbols | 85 | |
| 12068259363 | What did iconoclasts believe? | said the second amendment of the Hebrew bible prohibited it | 86 | |
| 12068295311 | Who ended Iconoclasm? | Irene, widow of Leo IV, came to power o replace her son who was 9 at the time. She made a church council. In 787 the 2nd council met and condemned iconoclasm. | 87 | |
| 12069248400 | Start of Abbasid invasions in Byzantine Empire | Irene would pay the Abbasid to not invade empire. | 88 | |
| 12069248401 | Who was the first woman to rule the Byzantine empire? | Irene, called herself emperor. | 89 | |
| 12069248402 | When did Irene's rule end? | In 802, the government deposed elderly Irene and installed a general as her successor. The empire was three times smaller. | 90 | |
| 12070114991 | What is the era following the Han dynasty known as? | Three kingdoms | 91 | |
| 12070114992 | Who reunified China after centuries of division? | Northern Zhou General Yang Jian | 92 | |
| 12070114993 | What was constructed under the Sui emperor? | The eastern capital of Luoyang and established relation with Taiwan and Japan. | 93 | |
| 12070114994 | What led to the fall of the Sui Dynasty? | The construction under te emperor,due to the political disarray, REBELLIONS, and dynastic actions. | 94 | |
| 12070114995 | How would you characterize the Tang Dynasty? | Powerful, a lot of land | 95 | |
| 12070114996 | Who founded the Tang Dynasty? | General Li Yuan | 96 | |
| 12070114997 | What religion flourished under the Tang Dynasty? | Buddhism | 97 | |
| 12070114998 | What was the Golden Age of imperial China? | The Tang Dynasty, stable and great government and belief systems | 98 | |
| 12070114999 | What is the period after the fall of the Tang Dynasty called? | Five dynasties | 99 | |
| 12070115000 | What achievements were made under the Khitan/Liao empire? | Printing and arts | 100 | |
| 12070115001 | Who United China in 960? | Zhao kuangyin | 101 | |
| 12070115002 | How were Confucian teachings implemented in song China? | Self cultivation as a path not only to self fulfillment but to formation of a virtuous and harmonious society and STATE | 102 | |
| 12070115003 | What was the status of women in song China? | It declined | 103 | |
| 12070115004 | Tang emperor followed a | Ashoka like government with stupas | 104 | |
| 12070115005 | Why did the Sui Dynasty fall? | A disastrous campaign to Korea, emperor overthrown by one his generals who founded the Tang Dynasty REBELLION | 105 | |
| 12070115006 | Where did Taizong emperor of the Tang Dynasty expand? | Central Asia | 106 | |
| 12070115007 | What was the greatest accomplishment of taizong? | The Tang code; helped local governors difference Crimes. Like difference between men slaughter and murder. Specified punishment for each. | 107 | |
| 12070115008 | What was the equal field system? Tang | Divides household into 9 ranks based on wealth , officials gave land beses on household. | 108 | |
| 12070115009 | what was the basis of education in Tang Dynasty? | Confucianism | 109 | |
| 12070115010 | What did taizong establishes? | Government, social structures, military, | 110 | |
| 12070115011 | What increased under Xuaxongs mandate in the Tang Dynasty? | Buddhism and promotes daoism (golden age) | 111 | |
| 12070115012 | The song promoted what | neo Confucianism | 112 | |
| 12089190328 | Which Chinese Dynasty standardized the production of porcelain? | tang dynasty | 113 | |
| 12089196430 | Which trade network is indicated by the arrow? | Silk Road! | 114 | |
| 12089204929 | What sort of ships did the Chinese use, especially during the Song Dynasty? | Junk Ships! | 115 | |
| 12089209251 | Khmer, in Cambodia, developed these Angkor Wat temples that practiced what religion? | hinduism | 116 | |
| 12089220866 | What is the name of the following trade network? | Indian Ocean Trade Network |  | 117 |
| 12089237753 | The Indian Ocean Trade Network is possible due to what natural oceanic phenomenon? | monsoons | 118 | |
| 12089253479 | What is the name of the language that mixed Arabic with African local languages? | Swahili! | 119 | |
| 12089259590 | What commodity brought the rise of Islam into Africa? | salt | 120 | |
| 12089265818 | What is the name of the trading league made up of several German cities? | Hanseatic League! | 121 | |
| 12089272843 | Name TWO famous emperors of the Byzantine Empire! | Justinian, Heraclius, Leo III, Basil II | 122 | |
| 12089282230 | Events at the Hippodrome were a political, economic or war-like affair? | Political! | 123 | |
| 12089319641 | Which Byzantine emperor introduced the themata system? | Heraclius! | 124 | |
| 12089323100 | Which dynasty promoted food-binding? | Song Dynasty | 125 | |
| 12089332805 | Which dynasty developed moveable-type printing? | Song Dynasty! | 126 | |
| 12089337318 | Which dynasty created gun powder? | Tang Dynasty! | 127 | |
| 12089350325 | What is the name of the nomadic Arabs that inhabited the Arabian Peninsula? | Bedouins! | 128 | |
| 12089356621 | Where is the Kaaba located? | Mecca | 129 | |
| 12089362366 | What is the name of the first four Caliphs? | The Rashidun! | 130 | |
| 12089369029 | Which Caliphate became more like a monarchy and created an administrative state? | Umayyad Caliphate! | 131 | |
| 12089376507 | Which Caliphate intellectually prospered and promoted the translation movement? | Abbasid Caliphate! | 132 | |
| 12089379366 | This traveler practiced Islam and traveled into Africa... | Ibn Battuta | 133 | |
| 12089389802 | This traveler wanted to venture into his Hajj.... | Ibn Battuta | 134 | |
| 12089423377 | This traveler visited the Mongol Golden Horde of Russia... | Ibn Battuta | 135 | |
| 12089431533 | This traveler discovered paper for paper money, compasses and coal for heat... | marco polo | 136 | |
| 12089436825 | This city promoted intellect and educational knowledge of the Abbasid Caliphate... | Baghdad | 137 | |
| 12089443570 | This traveler promoted Mahayana Buddhism into China... | Xuanzang | 138 | |
| 12089457043 | What major event led to the development of feudalism in Europe? | The fall of the Roman Empire to nomadic invasions | 139 | |
| 12089475610 | European Feudal System | King, Nobles, Knights, Peasants |  | 140 |
| 12089483875 | Knighthood is to Chivalry as Samurai is to ________? | Bushido Code | 141 | |
| 12089491125 | Which institution played the most significant cultural and political role in Feudal Europe? | Roman Catholic Church | 142 | |
| 12089499295 | What is the title of the most important figure in Feudal Japanese society? | Shogun | 143 | |
| 12089542915 | What religious principle/belief practiced in Japan made way to the differing lowest class between Japan and Europe? | Confucianism! | 144 | |
| 12089549807 | What rebellion led to the fall of the Yuan Dynasty? | Red Turban Rebellion! | 145 | |
| 12089558464 | Which empire is attributed to spreading the Black Plague? | The Mongols! | 146 | |
| 12089562383 | What is the name of the dynasty that underwent its ONLY foreign power at this point of history? | Yuan Dynasty by the Mongols | 147 | |
| 12089573318 | The Mongols grew from what certain type of lifestyle? | Nomadic! | 148 | |
| 12089576710 | Name one advantage the Mongols had over others? | Archery, horses, extreme brutality and violence, religious tolerance, cultural inclusion, relay postal system | 149 | |
| 12089581449 | The MAIN contribution of the Mongol Empire is... | Worldwide networks of exchange and communication | 150 | |
| 12089587672 | How was the Mongol military set-up? | Military units: 10, 100, 1000, 10000 warriors and/or based on merit! | 151 | |
| 12090411326 | what is the name of the first caliph? | Abu Bakr(632-634) | 152 | |
| 12090422733 | what is the other term for the Rashidun? | first 4 caliphs | 153 | |
| 12090451382 | after Abu Bakr's first military success against the rebel tribes, who did he turn his attention to? | byzantine and Persian empire | 154 | |
| 12090476110 | what happened in August of 634? what did Abu Bakr do? | byzantine battle. He won and died | 155 | |
| 12090490823 | what is the name of the second Caliph? | Omar ivan(334-344) | 156 | |
| 12090717131 | Role of Jerusalem | holy place for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam | 157 | |
| 12090741157 | what is attributed to Omar's reign? | -founder of Islamic state - regulates army -politician and juditionary systems. TO FORM STATE | 158 | |
| 12090776082 | Who is the third caliph? | Uthman(654-656) | 159 | |
| 12090795779 | what was the issue that provoked the first mutinies against uthman? | he didn't divide the treasure after conquering a territory in equal parts. | 160 | |
| 12090883201 | how were the caliphs of Radishun chosen differently to the ummayad caliphate? | Rashidun were chosen by council or were Muhammad's prophets. Ummayad were chosen by family concesors(son after son) | 161 | |
| 12090976958 | who asesinated uthman? | his own Muslims | 162 | |
| 12090990145 | Who was the 4th caliph? | Ali | 163 | |
| 12091005644 | Aisha, Talha, and Az-Aubair battled the new caliph Ali. what was the battle known as? | battle of the caliphs | 164 | |
| 12091008495 | When was the Civil War? | (656-661) | 165 | |
| 12091013256 | what happened to Ali? | He was assassinated | 166 | |
| 12091024817 | who established the Umayyad? | Muawiya | 167 | |
| 12091035217 | the Ummayad's duplicated what from the Byzantine empire? | the architecture and structure of empire rule. | 168 | |
| 12091067472 | in 684, Marwan was the new Umayyad caliph. what is the name of his son who would reunite the Ummayads? | Abdul Malik | 169 | |
| 12091085010 | the dome of rock was built under who? what are the other two holy sites? | abdul Malik. mecca and medina | 170 | |
| 12091101557 | al-Walid(705-715) | Second wave of Arab conquests; His reign was notable for expansion. | 171 | |
| 12091235975 | the tariq ibn Ziyad; established what>? | conquered Andalusia (cordoba) | 172 | |
| 12091948106 | the governor of Andalusia crossed the mountains into french territory (gaul). the Muslims were defeated. how does European history remember it? | victory that stopped the northern Islam and saved the christian church. | 173 | |
| 12091970070 | who was the 14th and last caliph? | marwan II | 174 | |
| 12091983523 | who was the first Abbasid caliph? | abu al-abbas( descendent of one of muhhamed's disciple's uncle) | 175 | |
| 12092001136 | Why did the Ummayads fall? | the believe that family could gain the caliphate | 176 | |
| 12092014533 | who was considered part of your clan in early islamic history? | your family | 177 | |
| 12092021943 | born | Quraysh tribe | 178 |
