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AP World History Period 4 Flashcards

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9840696200Period 4(1450-1750) Global Interactions0
9840696201Existing Regional Patterns of TradeIndian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara, and Overland Eurasia1
9840696202Navigational TechnologiesNew tools, ship designs, and understanding of wind and current patterns based on Asian and Islamic knowledge and technology2
9840696203Wind and Current PatternsKnowledge of these patterns helped created new connections between Eastern and Western hemispheres3
9840696204CartographyNew practice of making maps4
9840696205CaravelNew ship design that helped create connections between Eastern and Western hemispheres5
9840696206Gunpowder, Cannons, and Armed TradeImperial expansion relied on the use of these6
9840696207Portuguese Trading-Post EmpireThese people traveled to West Africa through transoceanic maritime travels and developed these.7
9840696208Spanish Sponsored TravelsThese were across the Atlantic (Colombian) and Pacific8
9840696209Northern Atlantic CrossingsFishing and settlements continued and spurred searches for routes to Asia9
9840696210SilverCrucial material in Atlantic system to global economy. Came from spanish colonies in America's to purchase Asian goods10
9840696211Indian Ocean Trading SystemRegional markets continued to flourish as Europeans transported goods between markets on this, supporting global circulation of goods.11
9840696212Omani-European RivalryCompetition of asian trade caused this12
9840696213Mercantilist Policies(government involved in economics so government gets more money) Used by rulers to control economies and overseas territories.13
9840696214Joint-Stock CompaniesA way European rulers and merchants financed exploration and competition for trade.14
9840696215Atlantic Trading SystemInvolving colonies in America in global circulation of goods.15
9840696216Mixing of CultureAn effect of the Colombian exchange was the mixing of American, European, and African people in America16
9840696217Colombian ExchangeSpread of disease, crops, animals, and foods across the Atlantic.17
9840696218Spread of DiseaseSmallpox, measles and influenza from Europeans killed millions of Amerindians18
9840696219Spread of CropsPotatoes, maize, fruit trees and grains from America increase populations in Afro-Eurasia19
9840696220Spread of Domesticated AnimalsHorses, pigs and cattle brought to America from Europe20
9840696221Okra and RiceFoods brought by African slaves to the Americas21
9840696222Mosquitoes and RatsCarriers of diseases from Europe to America22
9840696223Population FluctuationsGrowth: new foods and animals. Decline: disease23
9840696224Global Spread of ChristianityA religious effect of the Colombian Exchange24
9840696225European Maritime EmpiresAtlantic system caused competition between these.25
9840696226Cash CropsSugarcane and Tobacco grown on plantations with coerced labor26
9840696227RenaissanceAs wealth of merchants and governments increases, more funding goes to this27
9840696228Literacy RatesIncreasing thanks to new visual, performance, and literary arts as well as scientific inquiry during the Renaissance.28
9840696229Little Ice AgeDrove innovations in agricultural practices to help stabilize European populations29
9840696230Peasant Labor and RevoltsA continuation of societal practices from the past in Europe30
9840696231European Gentry and Urban Commercian EntrepreneursNew elites in European society31
9840696232Smaller FamiliesA social change in families in Europe32
9840696233European NoblesOld elites in Europeans society33
9840696234Protestant and Catholic ReformationsThis diversification and reformation in Christianity influenced the spread of Christianity outside of Europe34
9840696235Divine RightA continued method to legitimize rule of of kings by claiming to be chosen by god35
9840696236Palace of VersaillesAn example of art and architecture continuing old methods to legitimize rule to grow more powerful36
9840696237Thirty Years' WarAn intensification of state rivalries in result to rulers growing more powerful.37
9840696238Russian EmpireGrew dramatically in size due to imperial expansion relying on guns and cannons.38
9840696239Maritime Empires in AmericasPortuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French and British39
9840696240Aztec EmpireFails due to European diseases and guns40
9840696241European ColoniesThese were established to produce raw materials41
9840696242Piracy in CaribbeanEuropean competition over trade in America's resulted in trade wars and this42
9840696243Creoles(spanish descent people born in america's) New elite in response to diversity with differential treatment of43
9840696244Mestizo and MulattoNew racial classifications. 1/2 spanish 1/2 indian or 1/2 spanish 1/2 black44
9840696245República de IndosSpanish created this for Amerindians45
9840696246Chattel SlaveryCoerced labor where African slaved could be bought and sold (increased with growth of plantation economy).46
9840696247Indentured ServitudeCoerced labor where poor Europeans worked to pay for passage to America.47
9840696248Encomienda and Hacienda SystemsCoerced labor where spanish forced Amerindians to work in these and mines.48
9840696249Inca Mit'aCoerced Labor that was adapted to forced Amerindians to work for Spanish49
9840696250Plantation EconomyChattel slavery increased in result of this type of economy.50
9840696251Sugar and SilverEuropeans established colonies to produce these raw materials51
9840696252Deforestation and Soil DepletionIntroduction of European agriculture practices resulted in this52
9840696253VodunAn example of syncretism that was a mix of Christianity and African religion53
9840696254Traditional Patterns of SlaveryIncorporation of female slaves into households and the export of slaves into Mediterranean and Indian Ocean54
9840696255Atlantic Slave TradeA change in Africa along with the growth of plantation economy in Americas55
9840696256Gun Slave CycleThis destructive practice contributed to slave trade and growth of plantation economy56
9840696257Ashanti and BeninEuropeans established trading posts along coast but these local states limited their impact57
9840696258Middle PassageCreates African diaspora as millions of Africans are forced to endure this58
9840696259African DiasporaCreated through the Middle Passage59
9840696260Demographic ChangesWomen/men ration imbalanced and population decline in Africa60
9840696261King of KongoSpread Christianity through Atlantic Slave Trade61
9840696262Songhay EmpirePromoted and used Islam to legitimize rule in West Africa's savannah62
9840780298Gunpowder EmpiresMuslim rulers made extensive use of guns and cannons63
9840780299Ottoman EmpireLand empire that spanned Asia, Africa, and Europe and had centralized rule.64
9840780300Ottoman DevshirmeA part of the centralized rule characterized by giving up children for school and if they succeed they become bureaucratic elites and if they don't they become military elites.65
9840780301JanissariesThe military elite that came from the devshirme system.66
9840780302Suleyman the MagnificentA powerful sultan that showed centralized rule in the Ottoman Empire67
9840780303Ottoman Miniature PaintingsPowerful sultans legitimized and glorified their rule with art68
9840780304MosquesPowerful sultans legitimized and glorified their rule with architecture69
9840955569Tax FarmingGenerated revenue for territorial expansion in he Ottoman Empire70
9840955570Tax for Non-MuslimsOttoman people were tolerant but differential of ethnic and religious minorities71
9840955571ShiismRulers in the Safavid empire used this to legitimize their rule72
9840955572Shi'a-Sunni SplitState rivalries between Safavid and Ottoman empires intensified this73
9840955573Mughal EmpireEmpire in South Asia with rulers legitimizing rule, religious diversity, and robust society.74
9840955574Mughal SocietyPeasants and Artisans increased production of cotton textiles75
9840955575ZamindarsExisting land-owning elites of Mughal empire76
9840955576Taj MahalExample of a ruler legitimizing and glorifying their rule with architecture of mosques and mausolea77
9840955577SikhismSyncretic belief system (hindu-muslim)78
9840955578Buddhist SchoolsSyncretism of buddhism spread through new practices and this79
9840955579Sufism in South Ease AsiaMissionaries of this spread religions with syncretism80
9840955580Southeast Asian WomenWe're relied on by men for trading81
9840955581European Trading Post EmpiresLimited impact by local states82
9840955582Qing EmpireChinese Empire with new elites, territorial expansion, and legitimizing rulers83
9840955583Manchus in ChinaThis new elite continued from old bureaucratic elite with examination system84
9840955584Examination SystemRulers are chosen based on their knowledge of a specific topic85
9840955585Tribute CollectionThis and taxes were used to generate revenue for territorial expansion of the Qing empire86
9840955586Qing Imperial PortraitsRulers legitimized their rule with this type of art in China87
9840955587Public Performance of Confucian RitualsEmperors legitimized their rule in doing this88
9840955588Silk, Porcelain and TeaPeasants and artisans in China increased production of this89
9840955589Tokugawa ShogunateJapan with adapted gunpowder weapons, social elites, military professionals, and policy of isolation to limit European impact.90
9840955590DaimyoContinued as existing social elite in Japan91
9840955591Salaried SamauriMilitary professionals in Japan that sometimes revolted against state consolidation.92

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