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AP World History Periods 1 & 2 Flashcards

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7383729676Ashoka3rd king of the Mauryan dynasty, first Indian ruler to support Buddhism0
7383739890DharmaSanskrit term meaning correct conduct according to law or custom.1
7383764666Indus River ValleySite of the earliest complex society on the Indian subcontinent2
7383787476SanskritLanguage of the Indo-Aryan migrants in northern India3
7383799318Rig VedaCollection of 1,028 Sanskrit hymns composed around 1500-1000CE4
7383811060Vedic ReligionBelief system of Indo-European migrants in northern India. Involved animal sacrifice and the natural world5
7383833892NomadsPeople who migrate seasonally from place to place6
7383842499VarnaSanskrit word for "color" refers to the 4 major social classes of ancient Indian society7
7383850746JatiKnown as "subcaste" for groups of 5-15 thousand people8
7383862292KarmaThe sum of one's deeds in this and all earlier existences that determines one's rebirth in the next life9
7383869789JainismEmphasizes right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct. A relgion founded around the same time as Buddhism10
7383883090BuddhaFounder of Buddhism also called Siddhartha Gautama or the enlightened one11
7383891853NirvanaSanskrit word meaning "extinction," a state reached when the eight-fold path and four noble truths were followed12
7383905572Mauryan DynastyA dynasty that unified much of the Indian subcontinent13
7383913848Chakravartin"Turner of the wheel," Buddhist term for the ideal ruler14
7383920045Ceremonial StateState whose ruler sponsored religious observances so that his subjects will acknowledge him as ruler15
7384088926Lay BuddhistA Buddhist devotee who observes the five precepts not to steal, kill, commit adultery, lie, or drink alcohol but does not join a Buddhist order16
7384141532DhowsSmall sailboats used in the Indian Ocean17
7384163709Sima QianAuthor of "Records of the Grand Historian," a history of China from ancient legendary times to the first century BCE. Lived during the Han dynasty.18
7400346909First Emperor of the QinFirst ruler to unify China and founder of his dynasty19
7400352198Shang DynastyChina's first historic dynasty, used oracle bones.20
7400376046Oracle BonesThe earliest surviving written records in China, used to record divine interpretations of the future.21
7400389884Ancestor WorshipThe Belief in China that dead relatives could intercede in human affairs.22
7400396499Zhou DynastySuccessor to the Shang, gained the Mandate of Heaven.23
7400406299Mandate of HeavenChinese belief that Heaven, chose the rightful ruler and that Heaven would send signs before withdrawing its mandate.24
7400420489ConfuciusTeacher who tutored students, known only through The Analects.25
7400431030ConfucianismTerm for the main tenets of the thought of Confucius. Emphasized role of ritual in bringing out people's humanity.26
7400444037DaoismChinese belief system that emphasized the "Way"/"Dao."27
7400453530LegalismA school of thought associated with the Qin rulers that emphasized promotion based on merit and performance, not heredity.28
7400463035Qin DynastyFirst dynasty to rule a unified China, influenced on Legalist teachings.29
7400472311Han dynastySuccessor to the Qin dynasty, used the Qin blueprint for empire.30
7400489894Imperial AcademyEstablished by the Han emperor Wu, to encourage the study of Confucian texts.31
7405520862Ban ZhaoA historian and the author of "Lessons for Women"32
7405524435XiongnuNomadic people north of China whose military strength derived from brilliant horsemanship, defeated the Han often.33
7405534130Mau PiailugStudied traditional Polynesian navigation and successfully guided a reconstructed double-hulled canoe from Hawai'i to Tahiti in 1976.34
7409821730MesoamericaRegion that includes the southern 2/3 of modern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.35
7409825719OlmecA complex society that arose on the Gulf of Mexico, known for colossal heads made from basalt.36
7409835963Long CountA calendar that ran cumulatively, that came into use in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE.37
7409849813TeotihuacanLargest city in the Americas before 1500, occupied from 200bce to 650ce.38
7409860583MayaIndigenous people living in modern-day Yucatan, Belize, Honduras, and Guatemala.39
7409868587CopánTypical Maya city-state which reached its peak in the eighth century, had strict social classes.40
7409881034ObsidianA naturally occurring volcanic glass used by different peoples in the Americas, most important good traded by the Maya.41
7409888548Popul VuhOne of the few surviving sources in the Mayan language, features a series of hip ballgames.42
7409893882Mississippian PeoplesThe first northern people to build large urban centers in the Mississippi River Valley.43
7409898398CaralEarliest complex society in the Americas.44
7409906136ChavinAndean complex society in modern-day Peru, best known for its temples and large stone sculptures of animals.45
7409909367Polynesian TriangleAn imaginary triangle with sides 4,000 miles long linking Hawaii, Easter Island, New Zealand, and other islands.46
7409914653Double CanoeSailing vessel made by connecting two canoes with rope to a wooden frame, used by ancestors of modern Polynesians.47
7409930048EtakTraditional Polynesian system of navigation that uses the stars, clouds, waves, and bird flight patterns to steer on sea voyages.48
7409936093MoaiName for the 887 statues, probably of ancestral leaders made from tufa volcanic rock, erected on Easter Island.49
7409946629HerodotusGreek speaking historian and author of "The Histories," known as the father of history.50
7409957154AchaemenidsRuling dynasty in Iran between 550 and 330bce. Founder was from the region of Persia and he governed a population estimated at 30-35 million people.51
7409986734SatrapDarius established provinces administered by these.52
7410012515The AvestaMeans "The Injunction of Zarathushtra" contains hymns attributed to Zarathushtra.53
7410025196ZoroastrianismIranian religion named for Zarathushtra, taught that hosts of good and evil spirits populate the spiritual world,54
7410033109Ahura MazdaName of the supreme deity of Zoroastrianism.55
7410041453CyrusFounder of the Achaemenid dynasty in Iran.56
7410047581Lydian CoinsFirst metal coins in the world dating to around 600bce.57
7410054232Darius IThird Achasmenid Persian ruler, conquered territory in Eurasia but unable to defeat Scythians.58
7410061061PhoeniciansSeagoing people, traded across the Mediterranean, their alphabet was not pictoral and is an ancestor of the Roman alphabet.59
7410065491ArtemisaWoman ruler of the Halicarnassus, led the Persians at the battle of Salamis.60
7410069468ThucydidesAuthor of "History of the Peloponnesian War"61
7410071719SocratesA great philosopher who believed that virtue was the highest good, would ask students questions without telling the answers.62
7410075315PlatoA student of Socrates who used the Socratic method in his teaching which emphasized ethics.63
7410081165AristotleA Greek philosopher who encouraged students to observe the natural world and explain logically how they proceeded from starting assumptions.64
7410283734Alexander of MacedonDefeated the last Achaemenid ruler and ruled the former Persian empire. until his death.65
7410288553HellenismNon-Greek peoples adopted Greek customs and vice versa.66
7410293700ParthiansThe ruling dynasty of Iran, famous for their heavily armored cavalry, they posed a problem for the Roman empire.67
7410306171SasaniansDefeated the Parthians and ruled for more than four centuries, introduced nonsatrap royal lands and supported Zoroastrianism.68
7410318267PersianateElements of Persian empires that lived on after the fall of the Sasanians.69
7410328432EgeriaA Christian pilgrim from Spain who visited Jerusalem, Egypt, and parts of modern Turkey.70
7410331873PolybiusA Greek historian who was deported to Rome, wrote "The Rise of the Roman Empire"71
7410333948Roman RepublicRoman government between 509 and 27bce, ruled by 2 elected officials who consulted with the senate.72
7410339023Roman SenateRoman governing body during the Roman republic.73
7410341095CarthageA city in north Africa originally founded by the Phoenicians, Rome's main rival for Mediterranean control.74
7410346430Punic WarsThree wars that Rome and Carthage fought, Rome won every war.75
7410351094HannibalMilitary strategist who led Carthage's armies into Italy during the second Punic War.76
7410360140PaterfamiliasThe legal head of a family in Rome who made all decisions.77
7410366880CorneliaMother of the Gracchus brothers who were reformers. She exercised political influence.78
7410374950DictatorPosition given by the Roman senate to a temporary commander who had full authority for a limited time.79
7410378709Julius CaesarRome's most successful military commander who was named dictator by the senate.80
7410380410Roman PrincipateSystem of government in Rome in which the princeps ruled the empire as a monarch.81
7410385583AugustusAlso known as Octavian, became princeps of Rome in 27bce.82
7410395324Hebrews/JewsThese people were the first to become monotheistic.83
7410400939Reasons for the Mayan collapse-Warfare -Deforestation -Overpopulation84
7410410493BorobudurLargest Buddhist temple, in Indonesia, resembles Mount Merapi.85
7410414608PrambananHindu temple to Shiva, in Indonesia.86
7410415453Angkor WatLargest Hindu temple in the world, in Cambodia.87
7465111829BoddisattvaBuddhist term referring to a being headed for Buddhahood who postpones enlightenment to help others.88
7465129409Three Kingdoms periodPeriod of Korean history when the Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla kingdoms fought for control of the Korean peninsula.89
7465148943SillaAdopted Buddhism, obtained control of Korea by uniting with the Tang.90
7465155631Bone-rank systemKorean social ranking system used by the Silla that divided Korean families into different categories.91

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