7383729676 | Ashoka | 3rd king of the Mauryan dynasty, first Indian ruler to support Buddhism | 0 | |
7383739890 | Dharma | Sanskrit term meaning correct conduct according to law or custom. | 1 | |
7383764666 | Indus River Valley | Site of the earliest complex society on the Indian subcontinent | 2 | |
7383787476 | Sanskrit | Language of the Indo-Aryan migrants in northern India | 3 | |
7383799318 | Rig Veda | Collection of 1,028 Sanskrit hymns composed around 1500-1000CE | 4 | |
7383811060 | Vedic Religion | Belief system of Indo-European migrants in northern India. Involved animal sacrifice and the natural world | 5 | |
7383833892 | Nomads | People who migrate seasonally from place to place | 6 | |
7383842499 | Varna | Sanskrit word for "color" refers to the 4 major social classes of ancient Indian society | 7 | |
7383850746 | Jati | Known as "subcaste" for groups of 5-15 thousand people | 8 | |
7383862292 | Karma | The sum of one's deeds in this and all earlier existences that determines one's rebirth in the next life | 9 | |
7383869789 | Jainism | Emphasizes right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct. A relgion founded around the same time as Buddhism | 10 | |
7383883090 | Buddha | Founder of Buddhism also called Siddhartha Gautama or the enlightened one | 11 | |
7383891853 | Nirvana | Sanskrit word meaning "extinction," a state reached when the eight-fold path and four noble truths were followed | 12 | |
7383905572 | Mauryan Dynasty | A dynasty that unified much of the Indian subcontinent | 13 | |
7383913848 | Chakravartin | "Turner of the wheel," Buddhist term for the ideal ruler | 14 | |
7383920045 | Ceremonial State | State whose ruler sponsored religious observances so that his subjects will acknowledge him as ruler | 15 | |
7384088926 | Lay Buddhist | A Buddhist devotee who observes the five precepts not to steal, kill, commit adultery, lie, or drink alcohol but does not join a Buddhist order | 16 | |
7384141532 | Dhows | Small sailboats used in the Indian Ocean | ![]() | 17 |
7384163709 | Sima Qian | Author of "Records of the Grand Historian," a history of China from ancient legendary times to the first century BCE. Lived during the Han dynasty. | 18 | |
7400346909 | First Emperor of the Qin | First ruler to unify China and founder of his dynasty | 19 | |
7400352198 | Shang Dynasty | China's first historic dynasty, used oracle bones. | 20 | |
7400376046 | Oracle Bones | The earliest surviving written records in China, used to record divine interpretations of the future. | 21 | |
7400389884 | Ancestor Worship | The Belief in China that dead relatives could intercede in human affairs. | 22 | |
7400396499 | Zhou Dynasty | Successor to the Shang, gained the Mandate of Heaven. | 23 | |
7400406299 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese belief that Heaven, chose the rightful ruler and that Heaven would send signs before withdrawing its mandate. | 24 | |
7400420489 | Confucius | Teacher who tutored students, known only through The Analects. | 25 | |
7400431030 | Confucianism | Term for the main tenets of the thought of Confucius. Emphasized role of ritual in bringing out people's humanity. | 26 | |
7400444037 | Daoism | Chinese belief system that emphasized the "Way"/"Dao." | 27 | |
7400453530 | Legalism | A school of thought associated with the Qin rulers that emphasized promotion based on merit and performance, not heredity. | 28 | |
7400463035 | Qin Dynasty | First dynasty to rule a unified China, influenced on Legalist teachings. | 29 | |
7400472311 | Han dynasty | Successor to the Qin dynasty, used the Qin blueprint for empire. | 30 | |
7400489894 | Imperial Academy | Established by the Han emperor Wu, to encourage the study of Confucian texts. | 31 | |
7405520862 | Ban Zhao | A historian and the author of "Lessons for Women" | 32 | |
7405524435 | Xiongnu | Nomadic people north of China whose military strength derived from brilliant horsemanship, defeated the Han often. | 33 | |
7405534130 | Mau Piailug | Studied traditional Polynesian navigation and successfully guided a reconstructed double-hulled canoe from Hawai'i to Tahiti in 1976. | 34 | |
7409821730 | Mesoamerica | Region that includes the southern 2/3 of modern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. | 35 | |
7409825719 | Olmec | A complex society that arose on the Gulf of Mexico, known for colossal heads made from basalt. | 36 | |
7409835963 | Long Count | A calendar that ran cumulatively, that came into use in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE. | 37 | |
7409849813 | Teotihuacan | Largest city in the Americas before 1500, occupied from 200bce to 650ce. | 38 | |
7409860583 | Maya | Indigenous people living in modern-day Yucatan, Belize, Honduras, and Guatemala. | 39 | |
7409868587 | Copán | Typical Maya city-state which reached its peak in the eighth century, had strict social classes. | 40 | |
7409881034 | Obsidian | A naturally occurring volcanic glass used by different peoples in the Americas, most important good traded by the Maya. | 41 | |
7409888548 | Popul Vuh | One of the few surviving sources in the Mayan language, features a series of hip ballgames. | 42 | |
7409893882 | Mississippian Peoples | The first northern people to build large urban centers in the Mississippi River Valley. | 43 | |
7409898398 | Caral | Earliest complex society in the Americas. | 44 | |
7409906136 | Chavin | Andean complex society in modern-day Peru, best known for its temples and large stone sculptures of animals. | 45 | |
7409909367 | Polynesian Triangle | An imaginary triangle with sides 4,000 miles long linking Hawaii, Easter Island, New Zealand, and other islands. | 46 | |
7409914653 | Double Canoe | Sailing vessel made by connecting two canoes with rope to a wooden frame, used by ancestors of modern Polynesians. | 47 | |
7409930048 | Etak | Traditional Polynesian system of navigation that uses the stars, clouds, waves, and bird flight patterns to steer on sea voyages. | 48 | |
7409936093 | Moai | Name for the 887 statues, probably of ancestral leaders made from tufa volcanic rock, erected on Easter Island. | 49 | |
7409946629 | Herodotus | Greek speaking historian and author of "The Histories," known as the father of history. | 50 | |
7409957154 | Achaemenids | Ruling dynasty in Iran between 550 and 330bce. Founder was from the region of Persia and he governed a population estimated at 30-35 million people. | 51 | |
7409986734 | Satrap | Darius established provinces administered by these. | 52 | |
7410012515 | The Avesta | Means "The Injunction of Zarathushtra" contains hymns attributed to Zarathushtra. | 53 | |
7410025196 | Zoroastrianism | Iranian religion named for Zarathushtra, taught that hosts of good and evil spirits populate the spiritual world, | 54 | |
7410033109 | Ahura Mazda | Name of the supreme deity of Zoroastrianism. | 55 | |
7410041453 | Cyrus | Founder of the Achaemenid dynasty in Iran. | 56 | |
7410047581 | Lydian Coins | First metal coins in the world dating to around 600bce. | 57 | |
7410054232 | Darius I | Third Achasmenid Persian ruler, conquered territory in Eurasia but unable to defeat Scythians. | 58 | |
7410061061 | Phoenicians | Seagoing people, traded across the Mediterranean, their alphabet was not pictoral and is an ancestor of the Roman alphabet. | 59 | |
7410065491 | Artemisa | Woman ruler of the Halicarnassus, led the Persians at the battle of Salamis. | 60 | |
7410069468 | Thucydides | Author of "History of the Peloponnesian War" | 61 | |
7410071719 | Socrates | A great philosopher who believed that virtue was the highest good, would ask students questions without telling the answers. | 62 | |
7410075315 | Plato | A student of Socrates who used the Socratic method in his teaching which emphasized ethics. | 63 | |
7410081165 | Aristotle | A Greek philosopher who encouraged students to observe the natural world and explain logically how they proceeded from starting assumptions. | 64 | |
7410283734 | Alexander of Macedon | Defeated the last Achaemenid ruler and ruled the former Persian empire. until his death. | 65 | |
7410288553 | Hellenism | Non-Greek peoples adopted Greek customs and vice versa. | 66 | |
7410293700 | Parthians | The ruling dynasty of Iran, famous for their heavily armored cavalry, they posed a problem for the Roman empire. | 67 | |
7410306171 | Sasanians | Defeated the Parthians and ruled for more than four centuries, introduced nonsatrap royal lands and supported Zoroastrianism. | 68 | |
7410318267 | Persianate | Elements of Persian empires that lived on after the fall of the Sasanians. | 69 | |
7410328432 | Egeria | A Christian pilgrim from Spain who visited Jerusalem, Egypt, and parts of modern Turkey. | 70 | |
7410331873 | Polybius | A Greek historian who was deported to Rome, wrote "The Rise of the Roman Empire" | 71 | |
7410333948 | Roman Republic | Roman government between 509 and 27bce, ruled by 2 elected officials who consulted with the senate. | 72 | |
7410339023 | Roman Senate | Roman governing body during the Roman republic. | 73 | |
7410341095 | Carthage | A city in north Africa originally founded by the Phoenicians, Rome's main rival for Mediterranean control. | 74 | |
7410346430 | Punic Wars | Three wars that Rome and Carthage fought, Rome won every war. | 75 | |
7410351094 | Hannibal | Military strategist who led Carthage's armies into Italy during the second Punic War. | 76 | |
7410360140 | Paterfamilias | The legal head of a family in Rome who made all decisions. | 77 | |
7410366880 | Cornelia | Mother of the Gracchus brothers who were reformers. She exercised political influence. | 78 | |
7410374950 | Dictator | Position given by the Roman senate to a temporary commander who had full authority for a limited time. | 79 | |
7410378709 | Julius Caesar | Rome's most successful military commander who was named dictator by the senate. | 80 | |
7410380410 | Roman Principate | System of government in Rome in which the princeps ruled the empire as a monarch. | 81 | |
7410385583 | Augustus | Also known as Octavian, became princeps of Rome in 27bce. | 82 | |
7410395324 | Hebrews/Jews | These people were the first to become monotheistic. | 83 | |
7410400939 | Reasons for the Mayan collapse | -Warfare -Deforestation -Overpopulation | 84 | |
7410410493 | Borobudur | Largest Buddhist temple, in Indonesia, resembles Mount Merapi. | 85 | |
7410414608 | Prambanan | Hindu temple to Shiva, in Indonesia. | 86 | |
7410415453 | Angkor Wat | Largest Hindu temple in the world, in Cambodia. | 87 | |
7465111829 | Boddisattva | Buddhist term referring to a being headed for Buddhahood who postpones enlightenment to help others. | 88 | |
7465129409 | Three Kingdoms period | Period of Korean history when the Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla kingdoms fought for control of the Korean peninsula. | 89 | |
7465148943 | Silla | Adopted Buddhism, obtained control of Korea by uniting with the Tang. | 90 | |
7465155631 | Bone-rank system | Korean social ranking system used by the Silla that divided Korean families into different categories. | 91 |
AP World History Periods 1 & 2 Flashcards
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